Description
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to Almighty God for his protection, kindness, strength over my life throughout the period and also to my — for his financial support and moral care towards me.Also to my mentor — for her academic advice she often gives to me. May Almighty God shield them from the peril of this world and bless their entire endeavour Amen.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project work could not have been a reality without the encouragement of my — and other people. My immensely appreciation goes to my humble and able supervisor Mr. — for his kindness in supervising this project. My warmest gratitude goes to my parents for their moral, spiritual and financial support throughout my study in this institution.
My appreciation goes to some of my lecturers among whom are Mr. —, and Dr. —. I also recognize the support of some of the staff of — among whom are: The General Manager, Deputy General manager, the internal Auditor Mr. — and the —. Finally, my appreciation goes to my elder sister —, my lovely friends mercy —, —, — and many others who were quite helpful.
ABSTRACT
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to visible light. Unlike light, however, x-rays have higher energy and can pass through most objects, including the body. Medical x-rays are used to generate images of tissues and structures inside the body. If x-rays travelling through the body also pass through an x-ray detector on the other side of the patient, an image will be formed that represents the “shadows” formed by the objects inside the body. This seminar discusses the operating principle of a mobile x-ray unit which is an x-ray machine that can be carried by one able bodied person at a time. It can be taken around the hospital, some place distant from hospital or even to a patient’s home.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- APPLICATION AND USES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- ADVANTAGES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- DISADVANTAGES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- BENEFIT OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- GENERATION OF AN X-RAY BEAM
- INTERACTION OF THE X-RAY BEAM WITH THE PATIENT
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE X-RAY IMAGE
- COMPONENTS OF THE X-RAY UNIT
- MOBILE X-RAY EQUIPMENT
- TYPES OF MOBILE MEDICAL X-RAY MACHINES
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 MOBILE X-RAY DESCRITION
3.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
3.3 OPERATING STEPS
3.4 REPORTED PROBLEMS
3.5 USERS OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
3.6 SETTINGS OF USE
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
X-rays are a form of energy – like light and radio waves. X-rays are also called radiation. Unlike light waves, x-rays have enough energy to pass through your body (Hrabak, 2018). As the radiation moves through your body, it passes through bones, tissues, and organs differently. This allows a radiologist to create images of them. The radiologist is a specially trained doctor who can examine these images on a computer display. X-rays allow the radiologist to see the structures in your body in very fine detail (Natale, 2011).
X-rays are a naturally occurring form of electromagnetic radiation. They are produced when charged particles of sufficient energy hit a material.
Over the years, scientists have shown concern over the health implications of X-rays. After all, they involve firing radiation at the patient.
Wilhelm Röntgen is credited with first describing X-rays. Just weeks after he discovered that they could help visualize bones, X-rays were being used in a medical setting (Natale, 2011).
The first person to receive an X-ray for medical purposes was young Eddie McCarthy of Hanover, who fell while skating on the Connecticut River in 1896 and fractured his left wrist (Natale, 2011).
X-ray exams provide valuable information about your health and help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis. Your doctor may use x-rays to help place tubes or other devices in your body or to treat disease.
An x-ray unit is the equipment used to produce x rays. Because of the risk of over-exposure to x rays, the x-ray unit includes both the machine used for collecting x rays and the protective room within which the x rays are taken and developed (Kudriashov, 2018).
The production of an x-ray image (radiograph) involves three distinct steps: the generation of an x-ray beam, the interaction of that beam with the structures of the patient to be imaged, and the development of the image.
x-rays, are the most widely used means of medical imaging. Radiographs are used to examine bones for fractures, growth abnormalities, and joint dysfunctions. X rays are also used to find abnormal growths in the breasts (mammography), other organs and soft tissues; problems in the gastrointestinal tract; circulatory problems such as clogged arteries and blood clots; and a variety of other ailments. Additionally, radiation therapy to treat cancer is generally performed with x rays.
There are different classes of radiographs. The size of radiographs depends on the area of application and the purpose. This seminar is on a mobile x-ray unit. Mobile x-ray unit is used for severely ill and unable patients, who cannot be brought in the radiology department.
Essentially, a mobile x-ray unit is an X-ray unit that’s smaller than a fixed one and can be moved. It allows radiographers, vets and dental professionals to take X-ray images of patients without having to call them into a special lead-lined room (Kudriashov, 2018).
The principle is still the same, whereby it emits X-rays through a person or animal’s body, and it’s reflected back, showing up on the image as white.
Mobile x-ray unit is often used by professionals who have mobile practices or in busy medical facilities where space is an issue or there’s a distinct lack of access to equipment.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this seminar is to discuss the principle of operation for a mobile x-ray unit
1.3 APPLICATION AND USES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
These units are used for radiographic imaging of patients who cannot be moved to the radiology department and who are in areas—such as intensive and critical care units or operating and emergency rooms—that lack standard, fixed radiographic equipment. Medical applications can include general radiography and orthopedic, pediatric, skeletal, and abdominal imaging.
1.4 ADVANTAGES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- Mobile x-ray unit permit radiographic examination in locations limited by the availability of a standard electrical supply – it uses rechargeable battery as source of power
- Can be carried by one able bodied person at a time.
- Can be taken around the hospital, some place distant from hospital or even to a patient’s home.
- It is Simple
- Can be dismantled for transfer
1.5 DISADVANTAGES OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
- Mobile x-ray unit has Low output a typical maximum is 80 KVp at 15 mA for 1 second.
- Batteries must be charged and requires regular batteries maintenance.
1.7 BENEFIT OF MOBILE X-RAY UNIT
The benefits of having a mobile medical X-ray machine in your medical facility
are as follows:
- Greater mobility and portability – hospital trips or visits to the radiology department for chest or skeletal X-rays can often cause more harm than good for the patient. A portable medical X-ray machine can be folded up into smaller shapes and easily transported to a home. Similarly, if the veterinary practice is extremely busy, you can find a different room to conduct the X-ray on a poorly pet.
- Better speed – portable medical X-ray machines eliminate long waits and processing times, which will lead to a happier patient or pet.
- Safer operation – radiation exposure is a real health concern with traditional medical imaging equipment. However, the shield mounted on the front part of a portable X-ray device helps to protect both patient and user from scattered radiation.
- Cost-effective – constantly using ambulances, taxis and the resource of staff costs money. Taking the X-ray machine to the person will cut out the middle.
- Improved patient care quality – people and energetic pets don’t have time to wait around for the film from a regular X-ray machine to be developed. A portable medical X-ray machine provides accurate and fast results via phosphor plates and cassettes. These can then be enhanced using the workstation attached. It’s ideal for sports teams, the military, mobile vets, local GPs and other professionals who want to give their patients a quick, accurate result on-site.
1.8 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
At the end of this seminar answers to the following questions shall be provided:
- What is mobile X-ray units?
- Are there mobile X-ray machines?
- What are the different types of mobile X-ray equipment?
- What were the benefits of mobile X-ray units?
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Anti-scatter grid —A grid that is placed between the patient and the radiographic plate to prevent x rays that have been reflected from reaching the plate. Without the use of this grid, the resulting x-ray image (radiograph) would be unreadable, or would appear severely “out-of-focus.”
Radiograph —An image formed on a radiographic plate (similar to the film in a camera) by x rays. This is the final image produced by an x-ray unit.
Tracer —A chemical that is relatively dense to x rays that is added to the body to make that part of the body imagable with x rays. Examples include barium, used to image the gastrointestinal tract, and iodine, used to image blood vessels. Without the use of a tracer, these structures would be difficult, or impossible, to differentiate from surrounding tissues.
X ray —An invisible form of light that has a wavelength that is much smaller than visible light and a frequency that is much faster than visible light. Because of these properties of x rays, they can be used to image dense structures within the human body.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Format = Microsoft word
Chapters = 1-5 chapters
Price: N3,000.
For more information contact us through any of the following means:
Mobile No: +2348146561114 or +2347015391124
Email address: engr4project@gmail.com
Whatsapp No: +2348146561114
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