The Importance Of Health Information Management System In A Functioning Hospital (A Case Study Of Federal Medical Center, Asaba.)

Description

ABSTRACT

Hospital information systems provide a common source of information about a patient’s health history. The system has to keep data in a secure place and controls who can reach the data in certain circumstances. These systems enhance the ability of health care professionals to coordinate care by providing a patient’s health information and visit history at the place and time that it is needed. Patient’s laboratory test information also includes visual results such as X-ray, which may be reachable by professionals. HIS provide internal and external communication among health care providers. Portable devices such as smartphones and tablet computers may be used at the bedside.

Hospital information systems are often composed of one or several software components with specialty-specific extensions, as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties from a multi-vendor market.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

GLOSSARY

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM OF THE STUDY
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• THEORITICAL REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• THEORIES ON ATTITUDE REVIEWED
• REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES
• BENEFITS OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING TO THE CHILDREN IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• INTRODUCTION
• RESEACH DESIGN
• POPULATION OF THE STUDY
• SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
• VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND RELIABILITY

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1        RESULT ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

ABBREVIATIONS

AP	Administrative Processes
APACHE	Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation
CMS	Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CPOE	Computerized physician order entry
CT	Computed tomography
DSS	Decision support system
ECC	Electronic communication and connectivity
HER	Electronic health records
EMR	Electronic medical record
HepC	Hepatitis C
HID	Health information and data
HIPAA	Health Information Portability Accountability Act
HIS	Hospital information systems
HIT	Health information technology
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus
ICT	Information and communication technology
IOM	Institute of Medicine
IVF	In vitro fertilization
MoH	Ministry of Health
PACS	Picture Archiving And Communication System
PRISM	Pediatric risk of mortality
PS	Patient support
QDs	Quality directors
RM	Result management
RPHM	Reporting and population health management
SAPS	Simplified acute physiology score
SD	Standard deviation

LIS               laboratory information system

RIS                radiology information system

(PACS)       picture archiving and communication system

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There have been steady efforts to improve quality in healthcare since the early 2000s, kickstarted by two reports released by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) [1]. The first report asserts that healthcare is not as safe as it should be and offers a substantial body of evidence pointing to medical errors as a leading cause of death and injury in the United States (U.S.). The second report focuses more broadly on how the healthcare delivery system can be redesigned to innovate and improve care [2]. Both reports suggest making effective use of information technologies as one of six necessary strategies for the redesign of healthcare systems [2, 3] and express concern over slow uptake of information technology in healthcare. Healthcare is an information-based science [4] and providers must have access to timely and accurate information to provide safe high-quality care [5]. Clearly, information management and health information technology (HIT) are fundamental to current and future healthcare delivery in the U.S., [6, 7] United Kingdom (U.K.), [8] and elsewhere [9–15].

Modern healthcare makes wide use of information technology [16, 17]. Most stakeholders agree that information technology such as electronic health records (EHRs) and computerized provider order entry (CPOE) will be critical to transforming the healthcare industry [6]. According to the IOM, HIT must play a central role in the redesign of the healthcare system if a substantial improvement in quality is to be achieved over the coming decade. Given the complexity of modern medicine, it is inevitable that HIT will play an ever increasing role in improving healthcare quality [18]. The imperatives of improving documentation, reducing error, and empowering patients will continue to use of information technology in healthcare. There is plenty of evidence that clinical informatics applications can address these imperatives to enhance patient outcomes, reduced costs, and provide access to knowledge [19].

Otherwise, healthcare costs are rising and all parties involved-government, insurers, hospitals and patients-are concerned. Costs must be reduced, but without major compromise of quality [20, 21]. The widespread adoption of HIT may reduce costs by way of improved efficiency and less duplication of effort in delivery of care services as well as a reduction in costly medical errors [22, 23]. Payment systems and provisions from payers have further incentivized the use of information systems in healthcare [24]. For example, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) provide up to $27B of incentive payments over 10 years to hospitals and healthcare providers that demonstrate meaningful use of certified electronic health record (EHR) systems in the U.S. [25, 26]. Simply put, “meaningful use” requires providers to demonstrate use of HIT to measure improvements in quality of care [27]. Similarly, England has invested at least £12.8 billion in a National Programme for Information Technology for the National Health Service in 2009 [15, 28].

Hospitals in particular are characterized by the high capacity of information and clinical data produced, and a new category of HIS now dominates in modern hospitals [16]. These systems aim to support high-quality, efficient, patient-centered care [29] with integrated support for the administrative and management tasks needed to support such care [30]. HIS systems have been shown to decrease the cost of quality care and the accessibility time to patient records [24]. The relevance of ‘good’ HIS for high-quality of care is obvious [29, 30]. Further advances of technology in healthcare include the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to support robust communications in an increasingly complex healthcare environment. ICT originally contributed to timely and efficient transmission of patient data, and its focus is now shifting to improve clinical data quality by using online clinical data acquisition and processing [31].

Implementation of HIS systems has increased globally over the past 5 years, and higher-income countries are further in adoption and utilization of HIS systems compared to lower-income countries [32]. There are many competing HIS vendors each with their own products and different capabilities [33]. Most hospitals in higher-income countries are using comprehensive HIS, [12, 34–36] while in other parts of the world hospital orders for medications, laboratory tests, and other services are still paper-based [37]. This situation leads to a natural question: which core functions of HIS should be adopted for maximum impact on quality and patient safety?

This question was partially addressed in a 2003 IOM report which identified eight categories of core functionalities: health information and data; results management; computerized physician order entry; decision support system; electronic communication and connectivity; patient support; administrative processes; and reporting and population health management [38].

There is general consensus that the use of HIT should lead to more efficient, safer, and higher quality care [19, 39, 40]. There are few studies and data available on HIS implementation in countries with less mature healthcare systems. We hope to close this gap and provide new data on HIT implementation in Turkey.

Therefore the aim of this study is to determine availability of core HIS functions implemented in Turkish hospitals and their perceived importance on quality and patient safety.

1.1                                                     AIM OF THE STUDY

For health system, an efficient and flexible Hospital information system play a vital role in hospitals. Information management system specially designed to manage the clinical, administrative and financial aspects of a hospital. The main aim of this work is to analyze the importance of the subject matter to Federal Medical Center (FMC), Asaba.

1.2                                              OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

At the end of this work, students involves shall be able to conduct systematic reviews on relevance of health information management to healthcare services and the roles of health information management professionals.

1.3                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Health records are essential for good healthcare. Their quality depends on accurate and prompt documentation of the care provided and regular analysis of content. Good quality healthcare data play a vital role in the planning, development and maintenance of optimal healthcare. HIM professionals are healthcare providers dedicated to the effective management of patient health information and healthcare data needed to deliver high-quality treatment and care to the public.

1.4                                           SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study help us to overcome the disadvantages and challenges of paper-based records poses a such as the need for large storage area and difficulties in retrieval of records and there have been advocacy for computerized systems, paper-based system is legally more acceptable as documentary evidence as it is difficult to tamper with the records without detection.

• RESEARCH QUESTION

At the end of this work, this thesis will be able to give answers to these questions such as:

2. What is the importance of health information management?
3. Why is an information management system important in healthcare?
4. What is the purpose of health information management systems?
5. What is the role of health information management professionals?

1.6                                                  DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Electronic Health Record (EHR):A digital version of a patient’s paper chart that can be created and used by multiple healthcare organizations.
2. Electronic Medical Record (EMR):A digital version of a patient’s paper chart from one medical practice.

• Health Information Exchange (HIE):A network that allows a group of healthcare organizations and a patient to securely share medical information.

1. Medical Application:An electronic program used primarily by medical professionals in the care of patients.
2. Patient Portal:A PHR that is integrated with an EMR or EHR; also called a patient gateway.
3. Electronic Prescribing (eRx) – A type of computer technology whereby physicians use handheld or personal computer devices to review drug and formulary coverage and to transmit prescriptions to a printer or to a local pharmacy. E-prescribing software can be integrated into existing clinical information systems to allow physician access to patient specific information to screen for drug interactions and allergies.

• Enterprise Architecture – A strategic resource that aligns business and technology, leverages shared assets, builds internal and external partnerships, and optimizes the value of information technology services.
• Federal Health Architecture (FHA) – A collaborative body composed of several federal departments and agencies, including the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Department of Energy (DOE). FHA provides a framework for linking health business processes to technology solutions and standards and for demonstrating how these solutions achieve improved health performance outcomes.

1. Health Information Technology (HIT) – The application of information processing involving both computer hardware and software that deals with the storage, retrieval, sharing, and use of health care information, data, and knowledge for communication and decision making.
2. Personal Health Record (PHR) – An electronic application through which individuals can maintain and manage their health information (and that of others for whom they are authorized) in a private, secure, and confidential environment.
3. Personal Health Application (PHA): An electronic program used primarily by healthcare consumers to manage health. May connect to PHRs and ultimately to providers.⁵

• Personal Health Record (PHR): A collection of an individual’s health information, usually in electronic format, managed by that individual. May integrate with EMRs and/or EHRs.
• Personally-Controlled Health Record (PCHR):A subtype of PHR that is completely controlled by the healthcare consumer, who may choose to share some of the information with providers.