Description
ABSTRACT
This study presents the effect of petroleum product on an engineering workshop. Soil samples were obtained at different depths of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0m each from two different points of the workshop.
In this study, Atterberge limit, particle size distribution, compaction as well as shear test were carried out. The results revealed that, Atterberge limit of the soil is getting lower with increase in contamination; it was also observed that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content dropped with an increase in oil content while cohesion dropped. Subsequently an increase in inter-slippage of the soil particles reduces the shear strength of the soil; hence these drop the soil bearing pressure of the workshop.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
- PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION ON SOIL
- ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT
- SOIL
- SIGNIFICANCE OF BEARING CAPACITY
- OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIAL AND METHOD
3.1 MATERIAL
3.2 METHOD
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries. These petroleum products include various product, grade of fuel oil and gasoline, heavier or volatile fractions such as lubricating oil, paraffin wax and tar.
Soil contamination by various oil products is a serious geo-environmental issue that adversely hampers the quality of soil, under groundwater and atmosphere. Oil spillage on land is responsible for the majority of hydrocarbon contamination of earth (Zufahmi et al. 2010).
The presence of various kinds of automobile and machinery vehicles has caused an increase in the use of motor oil. Used motor oils spillage such as diesels or jet fuels contaminate natural environment such as our workshop.
Soil contamination by engine oil basically takes place due to spilling from vehicles or discarding of used engine oil in areas near garages or service stations. This contamination causes huge damage to the environment. The hydrocarbons present in the oil influences the quality and physical properties of oil contaminated soil (Hasan et al 2015).
Oil contaminated soil is defined as any earthen material or artificial fill that has human or natural alteration in its physical, chemical, biological or radiological integrity resulting from the introduction of crude oil, any fraction or derivative there of (such as gasoline, diesel, or Motor oil) or oil based product.
Engine oil contamination of soil is very common in areas in the vicinity mechanic workshops. The engineering properties of such soil are drastically changed and made unsuitable for supporting engineering structures.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is one of the major environmental problems resulting from its large scale uses in transportation, industrial, agricultural and other sectors. Accidental releases and workshop seepage of petroleum products are of key concern for the environment. A variety of petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene etc. are used extensively as energy source, although their contaminations in soil and water have adverse effects. Contamination of workshop soil with petroleum products deteriorates soil’s biochemical and physicochemical properties. The environmental impact of the petroleum based product is extensive and expansive due to petroleum having many uses. Crude oil and natural gas are primary energy and raw material sources that enable numerous aspects of modern daily life and the world economy. Their supply has grown quickly over the last 150 years to meet the demands of the rapidly increasing human population, creativity, knowledge, and consumerism (Michael, 2018).
Substantial quantities of toxic and non-toxic waste are generated during the extraction, refinement, and transportation stages of oil and gas. Some industry by-products, such as volatile organic compounds, nitrogen & sulfur compounds, and spilled oil can pollute the air, water and soil at levels that are harmful to life, when improperly managed mostly in our workshop. There is need for having a deep understanding of the effect of petroleum based products on an engineering workshop. This study was carried out to achieve such aim.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study
The main aim of this study is to study the effect of petroleum product on an engineering workshop. The objectives of the study are:
- To understand the effect of petroleum product in the workshop (automobile workshop)
- To study how oil spill can be controlled
- To study the causes of petroleum contamination in the workshop.
1.4 Significance of the study
The study shall serve as a means of calling the attention of workshop users on the effect of petroleum spill in the workshop, and thereafter providing controlling techniques.
1.5 Scope of the study
The scope of the study covers using brownish lateritic soil obtained from vicinity of mechanic workshop at Bulunkutu in Maiduguri, Borno State. It was a disturbed sample obtained from two different points in the workshop, one contaminated with oil and the other free from contamination, both at a different depth of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0m respectively.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
In this study, the effects of oil (petroleum product) contamination on the bearing properties are clearly observed on soil obtained from vicinity of mechanic workshop. The atterberg limits of contaminated soils were lower than that of uncontaminated soils. The role of oil is quite similar to that of water, it increases the chance of inter-particle slippage, thus reduce the shear strength of soil. It was observed that the maximum dry density and moisture content dropped as the increase in the content of engine oil. Subsequently, the increase in inter-slippage of soil particles reduces the shear strength of soil. Cohesion of contaminated soil decrease as contaminant increases; the angle of internal friction increases as the percentage of contamination increases (cohesion “C” is directly proportional to the percentage of the contaminant). The results clearly showed that the oil contamination on soil system has negatively influence on the geotechnical properties of soil.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that for foundation design in such areas (oil contaminated site), thorough investigation on the geotechnical properties of soil against shear and sliding failures are strongly recommended especially where shallow foundations are expected since the contamination reduces with increase in depth. This is recommended in order achieve balance of design that gives a better compromise between safety and economy.
