Description
ABSTRACT
This study presents the effect of petroleum product on an engineering workshop. Soil sampleswere obtained at different depths of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0m each from two different points of the workshop.
In this study, Atterberge limit, particle size distribution, compaction as well as shear test were carried out. The resultsrevealed that, Atterberge limit of the soil is getting lower with increase in contamination; it was alsoobserved that the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content dropped with an increase in oilcontent while cohesion dropped. Subsequently an increase in inter-slippage of the soil particles reduces theshearstrength of the soil;hence these drop thesoilbearing pressure of the workshop.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
- PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATION ON SOIL
- ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT
- SOIL
- SIGNIFICANCEOF BEARINGCAPACITY
- OILCONTAMINATEDSOIL
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALANDMETHOD
3.1 MATERIAL
3.2 METHOD
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries.Thesepetroleumproductsincludevariousproduct,gradeoffueloilandgasoline,heavierorvolatilefractionssuch as lubricating oil,paraffin wax and tar.
Soil contamination by various oil products is a serious geo-environmental issue that adversely hampers thequality of soil, under groundwater and atmosphere. Oil spillage on land is responsible for the majority ofhydrocarboncontamination of earth (Zufahmiet al.2010).
The presence of various kinds of automobile and machinery vehicles has caused an increase in the use of motor oil. Used motor oils spillage such as diesels or jet fuels contaminate natural environment such as our workshop.
Soil contamination by engine oil basically takes place due to spilling from vehicles or discarding of usedengineoilinareasneargaragesorservicestations.Thiscontaminationcauseshugedamagetotheenvironment. The hydrocarbons present in the oil influences the quality and physical properties of oilcontaminatedsoil (Hasan et al 2015).
Oil contaminated soil is defined as any earthen material or artificial fill that has human or natural alterationin its physical, chemical, biological or radiological integrityresulting from the introduction of crude oil,anyfraction orderivative there of(such asgasoline, diesel, orMotor oil)oroil basedproduct.
Engineoilcontaminationofsoilisverycommoninareasinthevicinitymechanicworkshops.Theengineering properties of such soil are drastically changed and made unsuitable for supporting engineeringstructures.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination is one of the major environmental problems resulting from its large scale uses in transportation, industrial, agricultural and other sectors. Accidental releases and workshop seepage of petroleum products are of key concern for the environment. A variety of petroleum hydrocarbons such as crude oil, diesel, gasoline, heavy oil, kerosene etc. are used extensively as energy source, although their contaminations in soil and water have adverse effects. Contamination of workshop soil with petroleum products deteriorates soil’s biochemical and physicochemical properties.The environmental impact of the petroleum based product is extensive and expansive due to petroleum having many uses. Crude oil and natural gas are primary energy and raw material sources that enable numerous aspects of modern daily life and the world economy. Their supply has grown quickly over the last 150 years to meet the demands of the rapidly increasing human population, creativity, knowledge, and consumerism(Michael, 2018).
Substantial quantities of toxic and non-toxic waste are generated during the extraction, refinement, and transportation stages of oil and gas. Some industry by-products, such as volatile organic compounds, nitrogen & sulfur compounds, and spilled oil can pollute the air, water and soil at levels that are harmful to life, when improperly managed mostly in our workshop. There is need for having a deep understanding of the effect of petroleum based products on an engineering workshop. This study was carried out to achieve such aim.
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the study
The main aim of this study is to study the effect of petroleum product on an engineering workshop. The objectives of the study are:
- To understand the effect of petroleum product in the workshop (automobile workshop)
- To study how oil spill can be controlled
- To study the causes of petroleum contamination in the workshop.
1.4 Significance of the study
The study shall serve as a means of calling the attention of workshop users on the effect of petroleum spill in the workshop, and thereafter providing controlling techniques.
1.5 Scope of the study
The scope of the study coversusing brownish lateritic soil obtained from vicinity of mechanic workshop atBulunkutu in Maiduguri, Borno State. It was a disturbed sample obtained from two different points in theworkshop,onecontaminatedwithoilandtheotherfreefromcontamination,bothatadifferentdepthof0.25,0.5, 0.75 and 1.0mrespectively.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
In this study, the effects of oil (petroleum product) contamination on the bearing properties are clearlyobserved on soil obtained from vicinity of mechanic workshop. The atterberg limits of contaminated soilswerelowerthanthatofuncontaminatedsoils.Theroleofoilisquitesimilartothatofwater,itincreasesthe chance of inter-particle slippage, thus reduce the shear strength of soil. It was observed that themaximumdrydensityandmoisturecontentdroppedastheincreaseinthecontentofengineoil.Subsequently, the increase in inter-slippage of soil particles reduces the shear strength of soil. Cohesion ofcontaminatedsoildecreaseascontaminantincreases;theangleofinternalfrictionincreasesasthepercentage of contamination increases (cohesion “C” is directly proportional to the percentage of thecontaminant). The results clearly showed that the oil contamination on soil system has negatively influenceonthe geotechnical properties of soil.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
It is recommended that for foundation design in such areas (oil contaminated site), thorough investigationonthegeotechnicalpropertiesofsoilagainstshearandslidingfailuresarestronglyrecommendedespecially where shallow foundations are expected since the contamination reduces with increase in depth.This is recommended in order achieve balance of design that gives a better compromise between safety and economy.
