The Contribution Of Emission Of Domestic Fossil Fuel Combustion On Global Climate Change

Description

ABSTARCT

Mitigating climate change is one of the biggest challenges that confront mankind in the present millennium. The problem has continued to dominate public debates in terms of its origin, sources, potential impacts and possibly adaptation strategies. In this paper, the contributions of energy to the climate change debate are explored. The analysis shows that since about 1850, the global use of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) has increased and dominated world energy consumption and supply. The rapid rise in fossil fuel combustion has produced a corresponding rapid growth in CO2 emissions and accounts for over 80% of global anthropogenic green house gas emissions (GHGs) in 2008. It was shown that a substantial amount of CO2 emissions still emanates from the increased use of heavy polluting fuel like coal by industrializing countries like the United States, Japan and China (World Health Organization, 2014).

Historically, the developed countries have contributed the most to cumulative global CO2 emissions and still have the highest total historical emission. A disaggregated analysis indicates that two sectors of the economy, electricity and heat as well as the transport sector (majorly road transport), emit greater amounts of GHGs. Some mitigation mechanisms have been suggested including improved energy efficiency, energy pricing reforms, imposition of carbon emission taxes, promoting investment in renewable energy technologies and creating public environmental awareness

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• OVERVIEW OF FOSSIL FUEL
• MAJOR TYPES OF FOSSIL FUELS

CHAPTER THREE

• IMPACT OF GLOBALCLIMATE CAUSED BY FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSION ON CHILDREN
• DOMESTIC FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION – THE MAJOR SOURCE OF GLOBAL AIR POLLUTION AND CO₂
• FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION-RELATED AIR POLLUTANTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE ARE A MAJOR CAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE
• CLIMATE CHANGE IS LINKED TO SERIOUS HEALTH IMPACTS IN CHILDREN INCLUDING MORTALITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL IMPAIRMENT
• REDUCING EMISSIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS
• CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Energy is and will continue to be a primary engine for economic development. It is central to achieving the goals of sustainable development. Socio-economic development requires energy for improved living standards, enhanced productivity, effective transportation of goods to the point of need, and as inputs to a wide range of economic production activities. Energy represents material comfort to industrialized countries, but the way to alleviation of poverty in developing countries. The three last centuries have seen mankind’s substantial dependence upon an ever-growing use of fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) for industrialization and urbanization [1].

However, the exploitation of energy to drive the growth process of many nations comes with increasing costs of environmental pollution. Potentially, the most important environmental concern in the last decade relates to its impact on global change in weather, also known as global warming or the greenhouse effect. Climate change is the long-term, significant change in the patterns, glaciations and related aspects of the global climate system. Thousands of researchers and policy makers across the world have been piecing together an increasingly irrefutable case that climate change is an immediate threat to mankind’s survival and sustainable development.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fossil-fuel combustion by-products are the world’s most significant threat to children’s health and future and are major contributors to global inequality and environmental injustice. The emissions include a myriad of toxic air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO₂), which is the most important human-produced climate-altering greenhouse gas. Synergies between air pollution and climate change can magnify the harm to children. Impacts include impairment of cognitive and behavioural development, respiratory illness, and other chronic diseases—all of which may be “seeded“ in utero and affect health and functioning immediately and over the life course. This study was carried out to understand the contribution of domestic fossil fuel combustion on global climate change.

1.3                                 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this seminar is to study contribution of domestic fossil fuel combustion on global climate change. The objectives are to discuss: health impacts of fossil-fuel pollution, highlighting the neuro-developmental impacts, and to briefly describe available means to achieve a low-carbon economy, and some examples of interventions that have benefited health and the economy.

1.4                                                SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In this seminar we are accessing how fossil fuel combustion contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gases on public health, climate, and the hydrologic cycle. We combined a global atmospheric chemistry–climate model with air pollution exposure functions, based on an unmatched large number of cohort studies in many countries. We find that fossil-fuel-related emissions account for about 65% of the excess mortality rate attributable to air pollution, and 70% of the climate cooling by anthropogenic aerosols. We conclude that to save millions of lives and restore aerosol-perturbed rainfall patterns, while limiting global warming to 2 °C, a rapid phase out of fossil-fuel-related emissions and major reductions of other anthropogenic sources are needed.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This seminar work will throw light on the impact of domestic fossil fuel combustion on global climate change and how it can be controlled.

1.6                                               LIMITATION OF STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.