Smart Waste Management Using Iot

Description

ABSTRACT

Owing to a paradigm shift toward Internet of Things (IoT), researches into IoT services have been conducted in a wide range of fields. As a major application field of IoT, waste management has become one such issue. The absence of efficient waste management has caused serious environmental problems and cost issues. Therefore, in this paper, an IoT-based smart waste management is proposed to reduce the amount of food waste. In this work, battery-based smart waste management exchange information with each other using wireless mesh networks, and a router and server collect and analyze the information for service provisioning. Furthermore, the smart waste management includes various IoT techniques considering user convenience and increases the battery lifetime through two types of energy-efficient operations of the smart waste management: stand-alone operation and cooperation-based operation.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                         INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects communicate and exchange information to provide advanced intelligent services for users. Owing to the recent advances in mobile devices equipped with various sensors and communication modules, together with communication network technologies such as Wi-Fi and LTE, the IoT has gained considerable academic interests.

The term Internet of Things was introduced by Kevin Ashton, who was the director of the Auto-ID Center of MIT in 1999 [1]. The initial technical realization of IoT was achieved by utilizing RFID technology for the identification and tracking of devices and storing device information. However, IoT utilizing RFID technology was limited to object tracking and extracting information of specific objects. The current IoT performs sensing, actuating, data gathering, storing, and processing by connecting physical or virtual devices to the Internet. For IoT applications performing these functions, a variety of researches on IoT services including environmental monitoring [2, 3], object tracking [4], traffic management [5], health care [6], and smart home technology [7, 8] are being conducted.

Owing to the characteristics and merits of IoT services, waste management has also become a significant issue in academia, industry, and government as major IoT application fields. An indiscriminate and illegal discharge of waste, an absence of waste disposal and management systems, and inefficient waste management policies have caused serious environmental problems and have incurred considerable costs for waste disposal. To handle these problems, various researches into waste management based on IoT technology have been conducted.

Today big cities around the world are facing a common problem, managing the city waste effectively without making city unclean. Today’s waste management systems involve a large number of employees being appointed to attend a certain number of dumpsters this is done every day periodically. This leads to a very inefficient and unclean system in which some dumpsters will be overflowing some dumpsters might not be even half full. This is caused by variation in population density in the city or some other random factor this makes it impossible to determine which part needs immediate attention. Here a waste management system is introduced in which each dumpster is embedded in a monitoring system that will notify the corresponding personal if the dumpster is full. In this system, it is also possible to separate wet and dry waste into two separate containers. This system provides an effective solution to the waste management problem

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

Environmental waste causes serious sickness and diseases to people living in such environment. This system was introduced to manage waste in big cities effectively without having to monitor the parts 24×7 manually. It solve the problem of unorganized and non-systematic waste collection and this problem is solved by designing an embedded IoT system that will monitor each dumpster individually for the amount of waste deposited.

1.3                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main of this work is to build a device that makes it possible to measure the amount of waste in the containers if one of the containers is full then an alert message will be sent to the corresponding person.

1.4                                  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Here an automated system is provided for segregating wet and dry waste. A mechanical setup can be used for separating the wet and dry waste into separate containers here sensors can be used for separating wet and dry. For detecting the presence of any waste wet or dry can be detected using an sensor in the next step for detecting wet waste a moister sensor can be used. In this process, if only the sensor is detected motor will rotate in the direction of the dry waste container if both the sensor detects the waste then it will go to the wet container. Both these containers are embedded with ultrasonic sensors at the top which is embedded IoT system, the ultrasonic sensor is used for measuring distance.

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The proposed IoT-based smart waste management fits into the category of IoT applied to external and public environments and was therefore designed to include the necessary components for such applications.

(i) Reliability. In IoT applied to external and public environments, communication is important for service provisioning. In particular, since this type of IoT has a wide service domain, reliable communication is necessary for devices to communicate with each other. Therefore, the IoT-based smart waste management utilized in the proposed system communicate with each other based on a wireless mesh network (WMN), securing communication reliability.

(ii) Mobility. IoT devices in an external environment may need to move on occasion. For a high level of mobility, the proposed system operates with a battery instead of the fixed power source that an existing system utilizes. With a battery-based power supply, the mobility of the proposed system is secured.

(iii) Service Continuity. In IoT with a wide service domain, data exchanges and services should be conducted seamlessly at any time and any location. Thus, IoT-based smart waste management, which communicate and exchange information based on a WMN, enable users to discharge their food waste anywhere a bin is available.

(iv) User Convenience. User convenience has been enhanced with the advent of IoT. For user convenience, the proposed IoT-based smart waste management reduces the process delay time of the existing RFID-based garbage collection systems, which enables users to discharge their food waste without a lengthy wait.

(v) Energy Efficiency. IoT applied to external and public environments relies on an always-on infrastructure and requires mobility, causing a large amount of energy consumption. To solve this problem, the IoT-based smart waste management operate using energy-efficient techniques, increasing their battery lifetimes.

1.6                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied,  chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.