Description
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY
1.4 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.2 REVIEW AND DESCRIPTION OF TRIAC
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 INVERTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.3 INVERTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4 INVERTER DESCRIPTION
3.5 BOOSTER BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.6 BOOSTER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.7 BOOSTER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.8 CONCLUSION
3.9 RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It is a well known fact today that electrical power supply is not reliable. All over the world, there is a significant electrical power supply interruption. Because of these electrical power supply interruption, many electrical equipment have either developed problems or even stopped working entirely. Hence this has crippled much business thereby affecting even the economy of many countries as Nigeria. Also there is increase in occurrence of power supply disturbance, which can be viewed as a form of power pollution. High voltage spikes and momentary voltage drops are therefore common. These power disturbance may affect the performance of sensitive equipment in private and corporate organization causing loss of data ad even damage to equipment.
In Nigeria today, it is not an over-statement to talk about the epileptic supply of electrical power. This has become the order of the day such that many Nigeria now view these power outages as “Normal” and part of their daily life. A wide range of factors have been identified for this problem. They include natural disasters, vandalism, maintainability and sustainability and lack of local content. The problem of poor quality power supply cannot be properly addressed without a review of other factors such as lack of political will to invest adequately in power sector, absence of replacement policy resulting in obsolete equipment, unsustainable human capacity building and inadequate reward and remuneration system to motivate human resources team to perform well.
According to the recommendation made by the Institute of Electrical Electronics Engineering (IEEE), the supplies that should be available for use should be continuous, uninterrupted with constant frequency and within the load determine in terms of voltage and current. These requirements have become even more relevant in view of the high sensitivity and sophistication of modern technological equipment in use today.
The progress made in developing alternate source of energy over the last decades has shown that independent power systems are not only possible but also very practical. In fact a wide variety of generating equipment is now available to allow individuals take advantage of just any renewable source of energy, for number of reasons, however, most of these system produce only direct current (DC) and often do so only at low voltages. Nonetheless, it is generally agreed that the greatest and most useful form of current is the Alternating current (AC), since these exist in the vast majority of homes.
Therefore, there arises the need to able to convert Direct Current (DC) to Alternating Current (AC) that will be of a constant frequency and also be used to power electrical circuits either in homes or in industries. Such electrical device is called an INVERTER.
An inverter is a power electronics device or apparatus which converts direct current to alternating current, allowing the direct current power from these generators to be used with ordinary a.c appliances and or mixed with the existing electrical grid.
An inverter is an electrical device that converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (A.C); the converted A.C can at any required voltage and frequencies, with the use of appropriate transformer, switching and control circuit. Inverters are commonly used to supply A.C power from D.C sources such as panels or batteries.
This inverter is designed to provide uninterrupted 220volts a.c supply to the loads connected at its outputs socket. It provide a constant a.c supply to the output socket even when the a.c mains supply is no longer available. When the a.c main supply is available, it goes to the a.c mains sensor, relay and battery charging section of the inverter. This a.c mains sensor informs the relay about the availability of a.c mains supply. When this relay receives a.c mains signals from the main supply, it directly passes the a.c main signals to the inverter output socket.
The inverter incorporates of power booster. The booster boosts the current of the generator thereby making possible to power heating appliances to the inverter. it does not affect the sound of the neither will it destroy your inverter in any ways. It will help you to plug your iron and other heating elements in the output of your inverter without damage to your generator inverter e.g: Ironing of clothes, water heater, electric kettle, microwave, electric cooker/Hot plate, toaster, and blender.
Finally, the success of this study will be beneficial to the society at large. Mass production of this inverters with power booster will lead to improve standard of living of the populace and the nation will move forward in pursuit of technological development.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply. Then, this project is to provide a back-up and reliable power supply of 3000va to power some selected home appliances such as computers, television set, lighting systems. However, attaching power booster to the inverter increases the efficiency of the inverter making it possible for the inverter to be able to power some heavy appliances like electric iron and other heating appliances.
1.3 AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The aim of this seminar is to carry out a research on a device that will take a 12v dc input from battery and provide a 220v with an output power of 3kva output that incorporated a power booster. At the end of this work the student involved shall able:-
- To study a dc to ac power inverter that incorporate a power booster.
- To study how a noiseless source of electricity generated.
- To study how to generate electricity that has no negative effect on the environment (i.e. no greenhouse effect).
- To study how an inverter can be used to power heating appliances such as electric iron.
1.4 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY
Inverters are the best when it comes to back-up since they can come up very fast and they generate little or no noise unlike generator. Even in an area with constant power supply, power outage due to natural cause and faults are usually unannounced. It is therefore very important to prevent causalities and loss of goodwill by having a reliable back-up power installed that can be used to power both portable and heavy appliances.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
A power inverter is a power conversion device. It converts fixed direct current (DC) voltage to frequency sinusoidal alternating current (AC) voltage output.
Power inverters are used to power and control the speed, torque, acceleration, deceleration, and direction of the motor. The use of inverter has become prevalent in wide range of industrial applications; from motion control applications to ventilation systems, waste water processing facilities to machining areas, and many others. Though power inverters offer lower operating costs and higher efficiency, they are not without their problems.
The waveform of this work is modified sine wave. The modified sine wave output of such an inverter is the sum of two square waves one of which is phase shifted 90 degrees relative to the other. The result is three level waveform with equal intervals of zero volts; peak positive volts; zero volts; peak negative volts and then zero volts. This sequence is repeated. The resultant wave very roughly resembles the shape of a sine wave.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- Expensive when compared to traditional generators
- The inverter can power a few appliances for a short period
- The input is limited to 12VDC, output to 230VAC and the frequency to 50Hz
- The power booster that is incorporated can only power heating appliances
1.9 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The applications and uses of a power inverter are as follows:
- DC power source utilization
- Uninterruptible power supplies
- Induction heating
- HVDC power transmission
- Variable-frequency drives
- Electric vehicle drives
- Air conditioning
- Electroshock weapons
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