Description
ABSTRACT
Effective and efficient electric power transmission is a major concern in Nigeria. Electric power transmission is the link between the generating companies and the distribution companies in Nigeria. This research work is to ascertain the status of faringada 33kV Transmission Network for better performance with Newton Raphson method using Static VAR Compensators to solve the problem of under voltage, optimize the system for better power delivery by placing Static VAR Compensators to minimize Power System losses and maximize power transfer by its equivalent model using ETAP 7.0.The data used for this research work were obtained from the Transmission Company of Nigeria TCN (FarinGada33kV T/S) in plateau State. The result of the simulation showed that transformers buses were over loaded beyond their capacities. The simulated result showed an optimization of existing Network from the enhanced voltage, adequate power supply and a reduction of the total power loss from 22.0MW to 21.181MW representing a 4% reduction in load MW as seen from the simulation of the modeled 33kV Network.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF TRANSMISSION LINE
- NEED FOR COMPENSATION
- TYPES OF COMPENSATION
- OVERVIEW OF STATCOM AND ITS USES
- APPLICATIONS OF STATCOMS
- RELATED WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
- DESIGN METHODOLOGY
- SIMULATION OF 33kV SUBSTATION
- SINGLE LINE AND MODELED DIAGRAM OF 33kV
CHAPTER FOUR
- SIMULATED RESULT WITH SVC SIMULATED RESULT WITHOUT SVC
- DISCUSSIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
References
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Efficient and reliable power supply systems must be maintained by the power supply companies. The increasing amount of electrical load and the location of the substations away from the power plants bring about a significant drop in voltage and power losses along the transmission lines. The voltage drop greatly affects the quality of power provided, and may cause the damage of connected electrical equipment if the voltage drop is not compensated or optimized.
There is an issue of power quality for developing nations where the load keeps increasing rapidly more than the generated power which is not up to the level of load demand. Electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP 7.0)was used to carry out load flow analyses and also ascertain the effect of Static VAR Compensators for voltage optimization of the 33kV transmission network under review
The Aim of this research work isto use a FACT Controller (Static VAR Controllers) in load flow analysis of a 15 Bus FarinGada 33kV Network to better utilized the Network, reduce power system under voltages, Line loses and increase the voltage profile of the existing Network.
The objective seeks to achieve detailed analyses by using modern software ETAP Version 7.0, to perform Load flow calculations showing voltage magnitudes at various buses, real and reactive power in each line of the transmission line when its equivalent single line diagram is modeled in ETAP for optimal power transfer.
This scope of this work is limited to the 67km faringada33kV Transmission network. The single line diagram of faringada 33kV Transmission Station is Modeled and simulated in ETAP based upon actual data of the 33kV bus/feeders loads. Static VAR Compensators was used to maintain System Stability and improve voltage profile.
Thus, load flow problem provide insight into the calculations of real and reactive power in the buses and its voltage and phase angle and load flow across each line and the solution provides the ability of the system to Operate within its static stability limits from one Transmission Station to the other without over loading lines and by the using VAR Compensators and correct tapping of transformers.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Due to tremendous industrial growth and rapid population, requirement of power has increased manifold. Thus, it is pertinent to transmit power from the source to load centers down to consumers with minimum possible losses and disturbances. This objective can be achieved only if the transmission systems are so designed and constructed in such that they are efficient, technically sound and reliable (Uche et al., 2013).
The lines should have sufficient current carrying capacity so as to transmit the required power over a given distance without an excessive voltage drop and over heating. Line losses should be small and insulation of the lines should be adequate to cope with the system voltage. There should be sufficient mechanical strength to cope with the worst probable (not worst possible due to economic factor) weather conditions and provides at is factory service over along period of time without too much maintenance necessity.
Transmission lines vary according to distances and are classified as such, known as short lines, medium lines and long lines (Muhtazaruddin et al., 2014).Transmission network forms the vital links between generating stations and the consumers via distribution systems. As we all know, electricity, unlike water cannot be stored in large quantities; as such should be used as the productions go on. Transmission network therefore is the medium through which the bulk power can be conveyed from one place to another over long distances. Transmission voltage varies from 132KV,220KV, 330KV, 400KV and above (Gupta, 2015). In Nigeria however, the transmission levels are mainly 132KV and 330KV, while distribution levels fall into 33KV and 11KV respectively (Muhtazaruddin et al., 2014).
Due to tremendous industrial growth and rapid population, requirement of power has increased manifold. Thus, it is pertinent to transmit power from the source to load centers down to consumers with minimum possible losses and disturbances. This objective can be achieved only if the transmission systems are so designed and constructed in such that they are efficient, technically sound and reliable (Uche et al., 2013).
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of this work is to ascertain the status of faringada 33kV Transmission Network for better performance.
The objectives of this study are:
- To solve the problem of under voltage, optimize the system for better power delivery
- To minimize Power System losses and maximize power transfer
- To ensure that power transmit is consumed with minimum possible losses and disturbances
- To ensure effective and efficient electric power transmission
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
In transmission lines receiving end voltage and power factor are two very important aspects to be considered. optimizing power transmission network is important in that it used to keep voltage within tolerable limit and to improve power factor, transmission line compensation is done.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
Power flow is used for line loading, generation adequacy, economic dispatching and unit commitment, all for planning and stability of power system. The implementation of this work would be beneficial to the following group of people.
- Power holding company of Nigeria,
- The Research students
- The ministry of power and energy for policy formulation
It will also offer some economic benefits by way of reducing fault level and improve steady state performance for expansion alternative.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Power system control and line compensation are essential for the effective working of power system. Voltage, frequency and power factor are the main items to be controlled. To get the desired voltage at the distribution end voltage control is necessary. The scope of this work covers to ascertaining faringada 33kV Transmission Network for better performance using Static VAR Compensatory to solve the problem of under voltage, optimize the system for better power delivery by placing Static VAR Compensatory to minimize Power System losses and maximize power transfer.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS
ETAP software is carried out with an approach to over come the problem of an under voltage. Load Flow Studies using ETAP software is an excellent tool for system planning. A number of operating procedures can be analyzed such as the loss of generator, a transmission line, a transformer or a load. Load flow studies can be used to determine the optimum size and location of SVC to surmount the problem of an under voltage, system voltages under conditions of suddenly applied or disconnected loads. Load flow studies determine if system voltages remain within specified limits under various contingency conditions, and whether equipment such as transformers and conductors are overloaded. Load- flow studies are often used to identify the need for additional generation, capacitive, or inductive VAR support, or the placement of capacitors and /or reactors to maintain system voltages within specified limits.
The objective of the project has been fulfilled in the sense that a thorough analysis of the load flow study of the 33kv transmission was carefully executed to show the distribution of VAR and MW in the thirteen (15) bus interconnected system.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This study have been carried out successfully and the aim of the study have been achieved which is to ascertain the status of faringada33kV Transmission Network for better performance using Static VAR Compensators, I recommend that different method should also be used to carry out the study in the future study.
