Description
ABSTRACT
With advancement of technology things are becomingsimpler and easier for us. Automatic systems are being preferredover manual system.This unit talks about the basic definitionsneeded to understand the Project better and further defines thetechnicalcriteria tobeimplementedas a partofthisproject.
Fire is a type of disaster that can occuranytime and anywhere as a result of any accidental orintentional causes. Without exception, houses are alsovery vulnerable to fire. To anticipate the catastrophiceffectsoffirethatcandestroyhouses,advancedtechnology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) can beutilized to detect the smoke and fire. This study aims todesign a home automation with fire sensors for an early warning fire detection system for homemonitoringusingsmokedetectionsensorsbasedonArduinomicrocontroller.
Chapter 1: Introduction
- Background of the study
- Statement of the problem
- Purpose of the study
- Research questions
- Significance of the study
- Definition of terms
- Limitations of the study
Chapter 2: Literature Review
- Review of relevant literature
- Identification of gaps in the literature
- Development of research questions (optional)
Chapter 3: Methodology
- System design
- Data collection methods
- Data analysis methods
- Hardware implementation.
- Software development.
Chapter 4: Results
- System integration and testing.
- Presentation of the project findings
- Discussion of the findings
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
- Summary of the research findings
- Conclusions drawn from the project work
- Recommendations for future project work
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
Smart Home is a house that uses information technology to monitor the environment, control the electric appliance and communicates with the outer world. Smart Home is a complex technology, at the same time it is developing. A sample house environment monitors and control system that is one branch of the Smart Home is addressed in this paper. The system is based on the embedded system and can act as a security guard of the home. The system can control electrical appliances.
The whole system is a cheaper one, but it provides the full-scale home device monitor and control function with fire sensors and alarm which gives early warning fire detection system for homemonitoringusingsmokedetectionsensors. By using the embedded system technique, it is convenient to use and allows simple installation in existing homes, it provide a safe, convenient home to us. The shortage of the system is only can turn on/off the electric appliances and the lack of the wireless function. With the Development of the smart electric appliances, the system must make much progress.
- Background of the study
Initially communication was done by travelling from kilometre to kilometre to deliver messages but now the trend involves talking to people even when they are far away around the globe even to the extent of seeing them using the present day 3G technologies. Now mobile phones can be used to trigger their greatest revolution: by allowing us to run our homes remotely. If you are heading home early on a sunny day to your house driving through traffic in Lagos, your mobile phone can be used to switch on your central air conditioner at the touch of a keypad or even turn on your water heater system on a cold night preparing yourself for a warm shower (Alkar et al., 2015). Fitted to a kitchen wall, the unit will communicate with tiny transponders attached to air conditioners, fridges, washing machines, microwave ovens and household appliances.
This paper presents design and construction of a arduino based electrical appliances controlling system using cell phone bluetooth. A cell (mobile) phone bluetooth acts as a modem for the control of electrical home appliances. This is achieved when the mobile phone number is dialed and an appropriate command button is pressed (Alkar et al., 2015). The paper demonstrates how to develop a system that aids the control of remote devices using mobile phones to enable devices without infrared though connected to power sources to be controlled and considering the possibility of users to monitor the status and usage of these devices. It makes use of an arduino to control the switching of the output. This design is customized as a central device for four pieces of home appliances using relay to activate each of the respective electronic gadgets with early warning fire detection system for homemonitoringusingsmokedetectionsensorsbasedonArduinomicrocontroller.
- Statement of the problem
In the last decade, all home appliances are manually operated, and this sometimes exposes the user to the risk of electric shock, and which also cause time wastage and also involves labour, but today the story has challenge which brought solutions to these problems by controlling home appliances wirelessly. Here, the project is based on Bluetooth control home automation system, which could help to save energy like electricity and lots of physical strength. It could be secure, flexible, help to prevent power and more accurate outcomes. Most of houses in the cities of the developed countries now using bluetooth based home automation system to prevent energy and ensure adequate safety. The system incorporate fire sensor and alarm for early warning of fire accident. Thisearlywarningfiredetectionsystemisexpectedtofunctionbynotifyinghomeownerswhendetecting the presence of smoke in their homes. With theaidofthisdetectionsystem,theissueofpotentialdamage,death, or material loss caused by fire can be significantlyreduced.
- Purpose of the study
The purpose of this project is to build a home automation system that will enable users to remotely control their home appliances and systems using a cell phone Bluetooth. The objectives of the work are:
- To build the system prototype
- To enable users to remotely control their home appliances and systems using arduino.
- To give an early warning of a fire outbreak
- Research questions
This work will bring answers to the following questions such as:
- What is the importance of having a home automation system
- what is the need for early warning fire outbreak
- What is the advantages of controlling appliances remotely over manual operation
1.5 Significance of the study
Home Appliance Control using bluetooth can be used to turn on / off the devices and various appliances in our home. It can prove very useful for disabled people. This project can also be used in shop, offices, industry. Then user has to press various keys to control the devices. In this work:
- Quick response is achieved.
- Construction is easy.
- Easy to maintain and repair.
- Comparatively the operation cost is less.
- Design is efficient and low cost.
- Power consumption is low.
- Controlling electrical devices wirelessly
- Saves electricity (when we forget to switch off and go out).
- We can control appliances from any place round the globe.
- No coding is required.
- Earlywarningfiredetectionsystemfunctionbynotifyinghomeownerswhendetecting the presence of smoke in their homes. With theaidofthisdetectionsystem,theissueofpotentialdamage,death, or material loss caused by fire can be significantlyreduced.
- Definition of terms
- Fire detectors: are sensors that sense one or more of the products or phenomena resulting from fire, such as smoke and heat.
- Remote monitoring: this involves usingsensors in machines and systems to provide instant and accurate insights on how your equipment is performing.
- Sensor: is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of sensing a physical phenomenon.
- Limitations of the study
The following is the list of limitations for the project.
· The device can only work when the user is within the Bluetooth coverage.
· Only devices with electrical controlling input ports will be possible targets for control.
· The receiver must have a power source (220vac) attached at all times.
· Operation of the controlling unit is only possible through a cell phone with Bluetooth capabilities.
Bluetooth has a range of 10-15 meters, so this device can switch ON and OFF any electronic appliance within the range.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Summary
Withadvancementoftechnologythingsarebecomingsimpler and easier for us. Automation is the use of controlsystems and information technologies to reduce the need forhuman work in the production of goods and services. In thescopeofindustrialization,automationisastepbeyondmechanization.Whereasmechanizationprovidedhumanoperators with machinery toassist them withthe muscularrequirements of work, automation greatly decreases the needforhumansensoryandmentalrequirementsaswell.Automation plays an increasingly important role in the worldeconomyandindailyexperience.
Automaticsystemsarebeingpreferredovermanualsystem. Through this project we have tried to show automaticcontrol of a house as a result of which power is saved to someextent.
Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talkedaboutautomateddevices,whichcoulddoanythingoninstigationofacontroller,buttodayithasbecomeareality.
- Anautomateddevicecanreplacegoodamountofhumanworking force, moreover humans are more prone to errors andinintensiveconditionstheprobabilityoferrorincreaseswhereas,anautomateddevicecanworkwithdiligence,versatilityandwithalmostzeroerror.
- Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hardphysicalormonotonouswork.
- Replacinghumansintasksdoneindangerousenvironments(i.e.fire)
- Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities.
- Economy improvement. Automation may improve ineconomy of enterprises, society or most of humankind. Forexample, when an enterprise that has invested in automationtechnology recovers its investment, or when a state or countryincreases its income due to automation like Germany or Japaninthe20thCentury.
- This is why this project looks into construction andimplementation of a system involving hardware to control avarietyofelectricalandelectronicssystem.
5.2 Conclusions
Anautomatedhomecanbeaverysimplegroupingofcontrols, or it can be heavily automated where any appliancethat is plugged into electrical power is remotely controlled.Costs mainly include equipment, components, furniture, andcustominstallation.
Ongoingcostsincludeelectricitytorunthecontrolsystems,maintenancecostsforthecontrolandnetworkingsystems,including troubleshooting, and eventual cost of upgrading asstandardschange.Increasedcomplexitymayalsoincreasemaintenancecostsfornetworkeddevices.
Learning to use a complex system effectively may takesignificanttimeandtraining.
Controlsystemsecuritymaybedifficultandcostlytomaintain, especially if the control system extends beyond thehome, for instance by wireless or by connection to the internetorothernetworks.
5.3 Recommendations
Future of Automation: Future will be of Automation ofall products. Each and every product will be smart devices thatwe use daily and that will be controlled through a smart chipcalled microcontrollers. Each and Every home appliances willbe controlled either by PC or hand held devices like PDA ormobile handsets. Some examples of it are when you want youcanswitchon/offFanofyourhomebymobilehandsetorPC.
Smart Grid: Home automation technologies are viewed asintegraladditionstotheSmartgrid.Theabilitytocontrollighting,appliances,HVACaswellasSmartapplications(loadshedding, demand response, real-time power usage and pricereporting) will become vital as Smart Grid initiatives are rolledout.
