Knowledge And Prevention Of Diarrhoeal Diseases In Under Five Children Among Mothers At Comprehensive Health Centre, Okeyinmi

Description

ABSTRACT

According to world health organization (WHO, 2017), every year some 12 million children in developing countries die before they reach their fifth birthday, many during the first year of life. Out of all the childhood illnesses, acute respiratory tract infections, diarrhea diseases and malnutrition are the principle causes of illness and death in the developing countries. A major determinant of child health is the health and knowledge of the Child’s mother. It has been seen that the mother is the main caregiver for the child in almost all societies. So, the knowledge and prevention of the mothers directly reflect on the health and vitality of the child.

The main aim of this work is to find out the knowledge and prevention measures towards acute diarrhea among school going children and their mother.

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT.

ABBREVIATIONS AND THEIR MEANING

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• HYPOTHESIS
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

• CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
• THEORETICAL REVIEW
• EMPERICAL REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• STUDY AREA AND PERIOD
• STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
• SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION AND TECHNIQUE
• MEASUREMENT AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE
• DATA QUALITY CONTROL
• DATA PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1.     RESULT ANALYSIS

4.2     DISCUSSION

CHPATER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

ABBREVIATIONS AND THEIR MEANING

EPI: Expanded Program on Immunization

FMOH: Federal Ministry of Health

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IMNCI: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses

IV: Intra-venous

Kg: Kilograms

MDG: Millennium Development Goal

Ml: Milliliters

ORS: Oral rehydration salt

ORT: Oral Rehydration Therapy

RHFs: Recommended Home Fluids

SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Science

SSS: Sugar Salt Solution

SSW: Sugar-Salt- Water

UNICEF: United Nations International Children Emergency Fund

WHO: World Health Organization

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Diarrheal diseases are reported to be the 2nd leading cause of child morbidity and mortality according to WHO (2015). Diarrheal disease continues to plague the developing world. Resulting in more than 3 million deaths, accounting for 17% of total childhood deaths i.e. under 5 years. According to WHO (2015) , Nigeria ranks 3rd for three quarters of death due to diarrhoea in under five population in the developing regions of the world (2004) according to WHO (2017)

A major determinant of child health is the health and knowledge of the Child’s mother. It has been seen that the mother is the main caregiver for the child in almost all societies. So, the knowledge, attitude and health practices of the mothers directly reflect on the health and vitality of the child. Most of morbidity due to diarrhea is such that, they can adequately managed at home. Health education on the aetiology, prevention and management of the diarrhea has the potential to establish productive contact between the health services and the community, to increase the capability of the families to recognize the danger signs of diarrhea in children and to encourage appropriate and early care seeking behaviors. Health education is an important aspect of primary health care.

According to WHO, Passage of 3 or more than 3 loose of stool or watery stools per day or considers as abnormal by the mothers or stools more frequent than normal for a child is considered as diarrhea [Boschi-Pinto, 2017]. Diarrheal disease remains the second leading cause of death among under 5 children globally [Othero, 2018]. Nearly one in five deaths of a child – about 1.5 million each year – is due to the disease of diarrhea. It kills more young children than malaria HIV/AIDS, and measles together [Othero, 2018].

Diarrheal disease is one of the commonest illnesses that has the greatest negative impact on the growth and development of infants and young children. Worldwide, children whose age is less than 5 years’ experience, on average, 3.2 episodes of diarrhea every year and consequently 1.87 million children will die from dehydration associated with diarrheal disease, particularly in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America [Woldemicael, 2015].

Contaminated weaning food, inappropriate feeding practice, lack of clean water, poor hand washing, limited sanitary disposal of waste, poor housing conditions, and lack of access to adequate and affordable health care are aggravated factors of the under 5 diarrheal disease [Ghasemi, 2015].

Diarrheal diseases among under 5-year children can be tackled in at both primary and secondary prevention levels. The former about the improvement of sanitation and water quality but the latter is about early recognition of dehydration due to diarrhea and prompt oral rehydration using ORS (oral rehydration solution) or appropriate home available fluids. Oral rehydration solution has been proven to be effective in preventing diarrhea mortality in the community while varying degree of evidence favors the use of home available fluid [Ghasemi, 2015].

Optimal infant and young child feeding practices could prevent more than 10% of deaths from diarrhea. On the other hand, better hygiene practices, particularly hand washing with soap and the safe disposal of excreta can reduce the incidence of diarrhea by 35% [Ghasemi, 2015].

Diarrhea is not lethal itself, the improper knowledge, poor practice and negative attitudes of mothers and their misdirected approach towards its management and prevention leads to high degree of severe dehydration and lastly death [The United Nations Children’s Fund. Diarrhoea, 2017]. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and prevention of diarrhea management of diarrhea towards their under-five children in Okeyinmi

1.2                                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

Diarrhea remains the 2nd leading cause of death among children under 5 globally. It kills more young children than AIDS. It would have been prevented by simple home management using oral rehydration therapy. Mothers play a central role in its management and prevention. However, this study was made to assess mothers’ knowledge, and practice in prevention and home-based management of diarrheal disease among under-five children in Okeyinmi

1.3                                                 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To find out the knowledge and practice towards acute diarrhea among school going children and their mothers.

1.4                                                     RESEARCH QUESTION

At the end of this study, answers to the following questions shall be provided:

1. What are the major causes of diarrhea among children and parents
2. Are children more prone to diarrhea than adults?

• Can diarrhea be prevented

1. What are the prevention measures of diarrhea

1.5                                                              HYPOTHESIS

Ho: children and mothers are prone to diarrhea

H1: children and their mothers are not prone to diarrhea

1.6                                              SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important in that it exposes us to how knowledge of diarrhea to mothers of children can go a long way preventing children from diarrhea. It also discusses other means of preventing diarrhea not only to the mother but also the public.

1.7                                                LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The limitation of this study is that it was not possible to establish a temporal relationship between the exposure and outcome variable as this study design was a cross-sectional study. Additionally, determinant factors for the negative attitude and poor practice of the mothers were not included due to the limitation of time and resource. So, another study is needed to determine these associated factors.

1.8                                     OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Dehydration: It is a condition when the child loses too much water and salt from the body.
2. Rehydration: The correction of dehydration with oral rehydration salts (ORS) or home prepared solution.

• Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT): The administration of fluid by mouth to prevent or correct the dehydration that is a consequence of diarrhea. It is a mixture of clean water, salt and sugar.

1. Good knowledge: Those mothers who answered above the mean of the knowledge questions.
2. Poor knowledge: Those mothers who answered below the mean of the knowledge questions.
3. Positive Attitude: Mothers who answered above the mean questions of the attitude were assigned as having “positive attitude”.

• Negative Attitude: those who answered below the attitude questions were assigned as having a “negative attitude”
• Good practice: Mothers who able to answer above the mean of the practice questions were measured as good practice.

1. Poor Practice: Those mothers who answer below the mean of the practice questions were measured as poor practice.

1.9                                              RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.10                                             STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the related works,  chapter three describes laws and institutional framework for the protection of right of domestic servants, chapter four discusses protection of the rights of domestic servants, chapter five is on summary of findings, conclusion and recommendation.