Description
ABSTRACT
Most examination malpractices in Nigeria occur while the examination is in progress, in the form of bringing in unauthorized materials, writing on currency notes and identity cards, spying of other candidates in examination hall, substitution of answer sheets and impersonation. Effective invigilation can nip these examination malpractices in the bud and that can be done using closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance. CCTV surveillance has the advantage of providing: (1) video surveillance of examinations (2) deterrent effect on potential offenders (3) evidence of occurrence or non-occurrence of malpractice. CCTV surveillance, therefore, has the capacity to perfect the examination invigilation process and curb the propensity of candidates to indulge in such examination malpractices. This paper, therefore, proposes the introduction and deployment of CCTV surveillance in examination invigilation as an antidote to examination malpractices in Nigeria.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT OUTLINE
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN NIGERIA
- SIDE EFFECTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- FIGHT AGAINST EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- EFFECT OF EFFECTIVE INVIGILATION ON EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- REVIEW OF THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE
- EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- FORMS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- FACTORS THAT CAUSES EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- CONSEQUENCES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
- STRENGTH OF THE SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 OPERATION OF CCTV SURVEILLANCE
3.2 COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
3.3 FLOWCHART FOR EXAMINATION SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS
- HOW CCTV BE USED TO CURB EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
- RESULT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROPOSED
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The World Bank [1] explains that the single most important key to development and poverty alleviation is education. Also Oseni, Abumere and Ehimi [2] stressed that education strengthens citizenship values, fosters sustainable development; it is a powerful tool in eradicating poverty, reduces unemployment, and improves the quality of life of the people. It is therefore essential for any nation that is interested in development to improve on the academic performance of her citizens that could be verified through one form of examination or the other. Evaluation, test, assessment, or examination is a term synonymously used as a measure of the level of knowledge acquisition by the trainees at the end of their learning period [3]. Teaching and learning become more effective when the students are subjected to an examination process to determine the extent to which the students have assimilated the content of the instruction given and the teacher can also asses himself from the performance of the students [4]. It is unarguable, therefore, that evaluation or examination is a vital element of education, which, if corrupted, will undermine the education process and hence the overall development of any nation. In contemporary Nigeria, corruption of examination process comes in no other way than through examination malpractice. Therefore, in order to restore sanity in the educational system in Nigeria, sanity must be entrenched in the examination process. In order to achieve this, examination conduct must be effectively invigilated since most of the examination malpractices occur while the examination is ongoing. This paper, therefore, believes that finding an effective means of exam invigilation will go a long way in stemming the tide of malpractice in the conduct of examinations in Nigeria.
1.1 BACKGOUND OF THE STUDY
Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them. This can include observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment (such as CCTV Cameras), or interception of electronically transmitted information (such as internet traffic or phone calls); and it can include simple, relatively no-or low-technology methods such as human intelligence agents and postal interception. Surveillance is very useful in tertiary institutions so as to maintain social control, recognize and monitor threats and prevent / investigate malpractice activities. Surveillance cameras are video cameras used for the purpose of observing an area. They are often connected to a recording device or IP network, and may be watched by a security guard or law enforcement officer. Surveillance cameras are simple and inexpensive enough to be used in the tertiary institutions and also for everyday surveillance. Video surveillance is found in different areas. Traditionally multiple security cameras are positioned throughout an area, linked to a computer screen. Unfortunately, humans are unable to monitor huge crowd with a good number of population and may lose focus over time. In this, I describe an automated multi-camera video surveillance system which is able to track students and detect suspicious situations. Automation is used in complex situations to reduce the workload put on the human operator and consequently to increase the productivity and enhance the performance. Workload assessment of operators while using an automatic surveillance system can provide system developers with information about the systems’ effectiveness. Furthermore, depending on automation is not only related to the accuracy of the system but also to the human operators’ reliance on automatic system. The design of automatic surveillance systems can determine the level of reliability and increase the effectiveness of the surveillance. Automatic surveillance systems are interactive systems and human operators play a central part. Therefore, applying principles of Interaction design should theoretically enhance the performance. There is immediate need for computerized surveillance systems in tertiary institutions. Mounting video cameras is cheap, but finding available human resources to observe the output is expensive.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Exam Invigilators ensure that there will be no exam malpractice, and also ensure security of the examination hall before, during and after the examination. However, the aim of this work is to use surveillance camera to carryout all these duty of an exam invigilator.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Invigilators also need to ensure the security of the examination hall before, during and after the examination.[4] From the moment the question papers are given out until all answers are collected, exam invigilators should patrol vigilantly. Particular emphasis should be given to multiple-choice and short-answer questions. The main goal should be to prevent possible candidate malpractice and administrative failures.
However, this study help to ensure and prevent any kind of communication between candidates (by copying, whispering or any kind of signal, exchange of paper or objects) and any kind of access to books, papers or electronic media of any kind (unless specifically authorized) for the exam duration.[3]
1.5 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this work is to use CCTV in ensuring that all candidates are under active surveillance for every moment of the duration of the examination.
1.6 BENEFITS OF SURVEILLANCE
Benefits from the use of surveillance system are enormous some of them are: a). The system provides a surreptitious/secret monitoring of people’s activities
- It provides an unimpeded real-time monitoring by the federal law enforcement agencies and other governmental organizations
- It makes the activities e.g. examination of tertiary institutions quick and prompt d). It provides quick and prompt response when there is a security problems
- It makes the location and tracking of law fugitives easier the system ensures a more secured and safer environment conducive for Meaningful socio- economic
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- A major limitation for CCTV cameras for exam invigilation is that they can only monitor a limited area, in this case multiple camera is needed to be installed in many corner of the exam hall.
- the cost of the installation and maintenance might of the system might be high.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, aim, purpose, scope, objective, limitation and problem of this work was discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved in carrying out the study.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.