Description
ABSTRACT
A stable and reliable electric power supply system is a pre-requisite for the technological and economic growth of any nation. Nigeria’s power supply has been experiencing incessant power interruptions caused by a failure in the distribution system. This paper developed a system planning approach as part of the key mitigation strategies for improved reliability and protection of the distribution network. The developed algorithm is tested using 33kV feeder supplying electricity to Egbema, Rivers state, Nigeria. A customer-based reliability index was used as a tool to evaluate the reliability assessment of the feeder test system. The result showed that alternative 3 gives better results in terms of improvement of the system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), which in turn gives the minimum interrupted energy. Also, it is found that a greater number of sectionalizing switches do not give better results. It is very important to place the sectionalizing switches at a strategic location. If it is located at such points that will facilitate to sectionalize the faulty sections faster and to make the supply available to the unfaulty part of the network. Hence the utility company should apply this mitigation algorithm for system reliability improvement, depending on their needs and requirements. Thus, utilities can optimize network performance and better serve customers by adopting mitigation strategies in addressing trouble-prone areas to achieve a stable and reliable supply.
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- REVIEW OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
- OVERVIEW OF POWER QUALITY
- EFFECT OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS
- OVERVIEW ON RELIABILITY
- REVIEW OF ELECTRIC POWER RELIABILITY
- DESCRIPTION POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY
- BASICS OF A RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT
- RELIABILITY EVALUATIONS
- RELIABILITY INDICES
- RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT, METRICS AND INDICES
- RELIABILITY ANALYSES
- REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL POWER OUTAGE
- SYSTEM OVERVIEW AND MAINTENANCE AS PART OF THE E ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
- DESCRIPTION OF POWER OUTAGE
- TYPES OF POWER OUTAGE
- PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM OUTAGES
- RELIABILITY EVALUATION
- RELIABILITY PREDICTION AND IMPROVEMENT
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- VALUE-BASED RELIABILITY PLANNING
- SYSTEM PLANNING APPROACH
- ANALYSIS OF LOAD AND GENERATION
- IDENTIFICATION OF ALTERNATIVES
- ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS
- OUTAGE MITIGATION STRATEGIES
- ELECTRIC MITIGATION TECHNIQUES
- MAINTENANCE STRATEGY
- RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT TEST ON 33KV FEEDER SYSTEM
- SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
- SYSTEM AVERAGE INTERRUPTION FREQUENCY INDEX (SAIFI)
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Electric power is a vital element in any modern economy. The availability of reliable power supply at a reasonable cost is crucial for the economic growth and development of a country. Electric power utilities throughout the world, therefore, endeavour to meet customer demands as economically as possible at a reasonable service [1]. To meet customer demands, the power utility has to be improved through upgrading, and effective maintenance of the system infrastructure. Analysis throughout the world shows that around 90% of all customer reliability problems are due to the problem in the distribution system, hence, improving distribution reliability is the key to improving customer reliability [2]. The Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) mission is to transmit, distribute, and supply adequate electricity in a safe, reliable, and efficient manner and this has to be accomplished. Contrarily, the intermittent power supply to customers by the Nigerian power system network has become a source of worry to the utility company. Many power systems Engineers have carried out different optimization studies via heuristic, network configuration, integration of renewable energy resources, and coordination of distributed generation aimed at improving the system network.
This study proposed the use of mitigation strategies through the development of an algorithm for improving the reliability and protection of the system network. A 33kV feeder network supplying electricity to Egbema, Rivers state, Nigeria is used as a case study.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The Electric Power Sector is one of the most important sectors to national development. The power sector is critical to the developmental reform of any country. To discuss the electric power sector in Nigeria in a realistic way, an appraisal of its development since independence is necessary in this study.
The Nigerian power sector is controlled by state-owned Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), formerly known as the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA). In March 2005, President Olusegun Obasanjo signed the Power Sector Reform Bill into law, enabling private companies to participate in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution.
For many years in Nigeria, the sector has been plagued by a plethora of problems. These problems included low generation capacity, poor distribution, decaying facilities and many others [Chinwuko, 2011].
Many countries prior to reform have largely one state owned utility carrying out all the activities in that sector. Considering all the efforts towards sustainability of power in Nigeria, from ECN to NEPA down to PHCN, many problems persisted against realizing the goal. Problems such as uncompleted target of power generation, insufficient equipment, substandard methods of transmission, poor zoning of distribution, low voltage supply, unauthorized connection and disconnection, corruption in the management, equipment vandalization and inefficient distribution planning remain the menace in accomplishing the aim of adequate power supply in Nigeria.
Nigeria is suffering from the worst energy crisis in its history, resulting massive power outages, daily. Energy promotes economic well-being and makes social life worthwhile such that youths are less disposed to violent crimes. This paper developed a system planning approach as part of the key mitigation strategies for improved reliability and protection of the distribution network.
A customer-based reliability index was used as a tool to evaluate the reliability assessment of the feeder test system.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to ensure an improved and reliable power supply in a distribution network using reliability index. The objectives of assessing power system reliability are:
- To apply engineering knowledge and specialist techniques to prevent or to reduce the likelihood or frequency of power system failures in Egbema distribution network.
- To determine ways of coping with failures that does occur, if their causes have not been corrected.
- To apply methods for estimating the likely reliability of new designs, and for analysing reliability data.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The reason for the priority emphasis is that it is by far the most effective way of working, in terms of minimizing costs and generating reliable power supply. The primary skills that are required, therefore, are the ability to understand and anticipate the possible causes of failures, and knowledge of how to prevent them. It is also necessary to have knowledge of the methods that can be used for analysing designs and data.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The electric utility industry is moving towards a deregulated, competitive environment where utilities must have accurate information about system performance to ensure that maintenance money are spent wisely and that customer expectation are met. To measure system performance, the electric utility industry has developed several performance measure of reliability. These reliability indices include measures of outage duration, frequency of outages, system availability, and response time. The continuous power outages and interruptions in the electrical parts distribution network always affect the health, safety and economic activity and low level of production in the industrial sector. This work discusses how distribution power supply in Egbema in Rivers State on Nigeria can be improved by applying reliability index.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This system is designed to play the biggest role in providing such high availability levels. They are meshed networks (grids) that deliver large amounts of electric power at high voltages. Because transmission systems are networks, the loss of any one segment, such as a transmission line, transformer or generator, usually causes only a minor disturbance to the system. The network allows the power to take different paths from the generation source to the load, and it usually can take a second or even third contingency before disastrous results occur.
1.7 LIMITATION OF STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
- Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
- Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
- Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.
1.8 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.
1.9 PROJECT ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
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