Determination Of The Physical And Chemical Characteristics Of Coal Deposit From Okpokhumi Owan East Local Government, Edo State

Description

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• LOCATION AND ACCESSIBILITY
• CLIMATE AND VEGETATION
• RELIEF AND DRAINAGE
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE
• JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW

• PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON NIGERIAN COALS
• REVIEW OF THEORETICAL BASIS FOR COAL ANALYSIS
• ANALYSIS OF COAL
• CALORIFIC VALUE
• COAL MINING
• INFLUENCE OF COAL PROPERTIES ON POWER PLANT DESIGN
• POWER GENERATION FROM LOW GRADE COALS

CHAPTER THREE

MATERIALS AND METHODS

• STUDY AREA
• COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
• SAMPLE PREPARATION
• TESTS CONDUCTED ON THE COAL SAMPLES
• CORRELATION COEFFICIENT BETWEEN SOME PROPERTIES AND CALORIFIC VALUE OF COAL

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• RESULT OF ANALYSIS
• CORRELATION OF SOME PROPERTIES WITH THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF THE SAMPLED COALS
• RANKING OF ANALYZED COAL SAMPLES USING ASTM D388 (2012) CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA
• ASH CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYZED COAL SAMPLES
• SUITABILITY OF ANALYZED COAL SAMPLES FOR PULVERIZED COAL-FIRED POWER GENERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1       Location and Accessibility                     

The study area is in Okpokhumi community, inOwanEast Local Government of Edo State. Fifteen samples were collected from the sampling location defined by Latitude 6⁰ 57’ 25”N, Longitude 6⁰ 01’ 19” E. Okpokhumi can be access by state road linking the village and farm settlement. The sampling locations in this study can be accessed by foot and motorcycles.

Figure 1.2: Physical Map of Okpokhumi                                Sampling Location

1.2       Climate and Vegetation

Okpokhumi climate is hot and humid. Annual rainfall in the coastal area averages 1,499mm, not particularly high for Coastal West Africa. Okpokhumi has two rainy and two d9ry seasons. The principal rainy season is from April to late June, with a shorter less intense rainy period from late September with an average of 272mm to November. The dry season lasts from November to April, with a cold, humid and dusty harmattan period between December and January. There is 9mm of precipitation in January. The average temperature ranges between 26.5^oc in the rainy season and 28.5^oc in the dry season. Generally, the climate is humid tropical in the southern areas of the state and sub-humid in the north (Kottek et al., 2006).The riverineareas of okpokhumi community have mainly mangrove swampvegetations. The rain forest of the lowland is gradually being displaced by palm trees and rubber plantations.

1.3       Relief and Drainage

The distinct relief regions in Okpokhumi community include: the swamp / creeks, the esan plateau, orle value. There are six types of physical features which constitutes the landscape of Okpokhumi, Owan East. It is found a sandy coastal plane and alluvium clay with some hills in the east. (Ihenyen et at.; 2009). Okpokhumi slopes are tilled in the southwest direction.

1.4       Statement of Problem

In spite of Nigerians vast energy potential, the country remains permanently plagued by energy crises. This has resulted in low electric power generation and perpetual blackouts in some instances. These unfortunate scenarios have greatly undermined Nigeria’s potential for sustained socioeconomic growth, infrastructural development and energy security. The results of this study

will determine the suitability of Okpokhumi coal for power generation. Thus, possibly providing another  means of power generation that may lead to improvement of power station in Nigeria.

1.5       Aim and Objective

This research is aimed at determining the physical and chemical characteristics of coal deposit from Okpokhumi Owan East Local Government, Edo state with view to determine its suitability for power generation.

The specific objectives of the research are:

1. to carry out proximate analyses of the coal samples,
2. to determine the calorific value of the coal samples,

• to compare results of the above analyses with reference values of coal properties for power generation in order to determine the suitability of the coal samples for power generation.

1.6       Justification of the Study

This research will help determine the suitability of Okpokhumi coal for use in coal-fired power plants, not only in Nigeria, but as an export commodity to other coal consuming countries around the world. This will assist the potential investor in Nigeria`s power sector to make informed decisions, on areas of the coal`s performance that may be suspect and requiring further investigation on a larger-scale. Itwill also stimulate the curiosity and the interest of potential investors in Nigeria power industry regarding the use of coal.

1.7       Scope of the Study

The scope of the research covers the determination characteristics of Okpokhumi coal and its suitability for power generation. Properties to be determined include; density of each sample, Proximate Analysis  (ash content, fixed carbon, moisture content, volatile matter, mineral matter), Ultimate Analysis (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, oxygen), and Calorific value.

 1.8       Limitation of the Study

A total of fifteen samples were obtained from the Okpokhumi coal deposit. The tests conducted include: density, proximate analysis, calorific (heating) value, mineral matter. The coal used in this study is restricted to Okpokhumi. The results and recommendation can only serve as guide for other areas.