Description
ABSTRACT
The implementation and use of video surveillance (Closed Circuit Television technology) in societies across the globe has stimulated major debate on a handful of topics. This report aims to highlight the importance of surveillance camera in homes and offices. The report will provide the reader with a variety of discussions, based on an objective throughout the world. it further evaluates the concept of the rise of surveillance societies and the protection of individual rights, and promotes further discussion.
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ABBREVIATIONS
The following abbreviations appear in this work:
ATEX Explosive Atmospheres (from Atmosphères Explosives)
BS British Standard
BSI British Standards Institution
BSIA British Security Industry Association
CAD Computer Aided Design / Draughting
CAST (Home Office) Centre for Applied Science and Technology
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
DPA Data Protection Act
EN European Standard
FAT Factory Acceptance Test
HD High Definition
HOSDB Home Office Scientific Development Branch (former name of CAST)
IEC International Electrotechnical Committee (Worldwide standards body)
IP Internet Protocol or Ingress Protection Rating (according to context)
ISO International Standards Organisation
ONVIF Open Network Video Interface Forum
OR Operational Requirement
PAL Phase Alternating Line (TV encoding system)
PoE Power over Ethernet
PSIA Physical Security Interoperability Alliance
PTZ Pan-Tilt-Zoom
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RVRC Remote Video Response Centre
SC CoP Surveillance Camera Code of Practice
SCC Surveillance Camera Commissioner
SDP System Design Proposal
SXGA+ Super Extended Graphics Array Plus
TX Transmission
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- AIM OF THE STUDY
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
- RESEARCH QUESTION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF SURVEILLANCE
- TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
- THE ORIGINS OF CCTV
- EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS
- RESEARCH QUESTION AND ANSWERS
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 DIAGRAM OF SURVEILLANCE CAMERA
3.2 CCTV CAMERAS WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.3 SURVEILLANCE CAMERA WIRING PROCEDURES
3.4 CCTV INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
CHAPTER FOUR
- HOW TO FIND OUT TYPE OF CCTV CAMERA YOU SHOULD BUY
- WHAT TO LOOK FOR WHEN BUYING A CCTV SYSTEM
- CCTV CAMERA PLACEMENT
- BEST LOCATIONS FOR HOME SECURITY CAMERAS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
CCTV surveillance systems are frequently the subject of debate. Some parties seek to promote their benefits such as their use in criminal investigations and providing a feeling of safety to the public. They have also been on the receiving end of bad press when some consider intrusiveness has outweighed the benefits [1][2].
The correct design and use of such systems is paramount to ensure a CCTV surveillance system meets the needs of the user, provides a tangible benefit and provides safety and security for the wider law-abiding public.
Video cameras are used to observe an area, connected to a recording device or IP Network and monitored in a Control Room. Video surveillance technologies are used for far more than their roots in crime detection, with video analytics solutions able to serve a variety of applications such as traffic and crowd control management.
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance systems have made tremendous technological progress in the last decade, not only in individual capabilities, but also in the ability to interface with other security technology.
There are three primary ways to use CCTV systems, industry experts say: as a deterrent, for forensic purposes and as an interdictive device.
Originally, CCTV surveillance systems were simply a deterrent. The notion that “Big Brother” was watching was often enough to keep people from misbehaving. Today, though, CCTV surveillance systems are common enough that they have lost their novelty, reducing effectiveness as a simple deterrent, especially for illegal entry or violent crime [1][2].
Evolving Uses of CCTV Surveillance Systems
As recording and storing technologies and software such as video analytics have became more efficient, CCTV surveillance systems have evolved into a forensic tool — that is, collecting evidence after an event has occurred.
But as CCTV surveillance systems become more easily integrated with monitoring devices, alarm systems and access control devices, a third use of CCTV is gaining momentum: Helping security personnel to identify and interrupt security breaches as they’re occurring, or even before they take place.
Intelligent video algorithms, such as sophisticated motion detection, can identify unusual walking patterns and alert a guard to watch a particular video screen. Object-recognition algorithms can identify someone who might simply be loitering, or even a briefcase or other suspicious object that is left somewhere it shouldn’t be. Again, the system can alert a monitoring guard so that appropriate action can be taken.
The most advanced intelligent video algorithm is facial recognition. However, most experts agree that use of this technology as an efficient tool in the private sector is still several years down the road.
Traditionally, intelligent video algorithms are components of a computer system in a security room to which video captured by an array of CCTV cameras is fed. But on the horizon, manufacturers will be making cameras that can process the intelligent video algorithm right inside the camera [2].
Wide dynamic range is another technology that is becoming more prevalent on CCTV cameras. Wide dynamic range means cameras can resolve details when there’s a tremendous amount of both light and dark areas in the same scene.
1.2 AIM OF THE STUDY
CCTV Cameras are very important in monitoring some places in particular to prevent theft, and for the businesses, control inventory and to maximize productivity. Security has been the main purpose of surveillance camera Installation although it can do more than ensuring security. The main aim of this work is to install cctv.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is to install CCTV in our home or offices that will help to:
- To help reduce the fear of crime.
- To help deter crime.
- To help detect crime and provide evidential material for court proceedings.
- To assist in the overall management of any organisation.
- To enhance community safety, assist in developing the economic well being of the New Forest area and encourage greater use of the Town Centres, shops, car parks, community and Tourist facilities.
- To assist the Local Authority in its enforcement and regulatory functions within the environment.
- To assist in Traffic Management.
- To assist in supporting civil proceedings, which will help detect crime.
- To reduce incidents of public disorder and anti-social behaviour.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1. Crime Prevention and Detection: The primary need for installation of a closed-circuit television camera (the CCTV camera of full form) is warning and deterring burglars, thieves and other criminals in homes and offices.
2. Taking Care of Elders, Children and Pets: Many families that install cctv use closed-circuit television cameras in home to keep track of elders, children or pets. After appropriate setup, you can check in CCTV cameras if elders fall down, children arrive home safely or pets eat food on time.
3. Record Valuable Moments: The beautiful moments of life won’t be missed out or blurred over time, CCTV cameras can always witness and record something unbelievable, memorable or even crazy.
4. Business Use: Monitoring of critical areas such as storefronts, offices or warehouses mainly requires the system of closed-circuit television (the CCTV long form) to take care of your properties or improve employees’ productivity[5][6].
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of installing surveillance cameras in homes/offices or industries is for security of such offices /home and or industries. Families safety can be protected by strategically placed security cameras in and around your property, acting as a deterrent for would-be thieves as well as catching them in the act.
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
This device is used to monitor and secure places like:
- Homes
- Offices
- Business environment
- Worship centres,
- To monitor airports,
- railway stations,
- bus stations,
- hotels,
- shopping malls and
- all the other public places that need monitoring and protection.
1.8 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Setting up a surveillance camera in your properties may cost huge amount of money. It also need to have 24hrs power supply system, which means the installation of the system becomes a problem for areas or countries where power supply is a challenge [7].
1.8 RESEARCH QUESTION
- What is CCTV?
2. What are the uses of CCTV? Who is targeted?
- Is CCTV is an effective safety tool for crime-solving?
4. Is CCTV is an effective safety tool for reducing crime?
5. Is CCTV is an effective safety tool for building feelings of security?
6. Is CCTV is an effective management tool?
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, this report has provided several discussions on the rise of CCTV technology around the world as a safety and management tool. It evaluates CCTV utility and effectiveness through a variety of case studies and topics, and concludes with recommendations for progressive research and thinking. This report further aims to review the facts and arguments and analyze the implications and outcomes. In the end, more research is needed so to explore the public’s reactions to the transformations in society: the growing surveillance society, neo-liberal policies, globalization processes and capitalism. In many cases, the public is left out of this important discussion. Therefore, readers, academics, government officials and policy makers should reflect on this report and use it as a reference guide for assessing the main issues and addressing effective solutions.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This report covers a significant amount of information with an attempt to conduct a unique endeavour of outlining all the facets involved, as well as to display the complexities and difficulties in evaluating the related issues on an international level. In the end, evaluation of CCTV technology and its multiple dimensions depends greatly on the context. “It is important for each country to decide rationally and openly which element of personal privacy should be lost, but it is also important for each country to understand how far down the path of mass surveillance it has travelled” (Privacy International 2006: 3). Therefore, there needs to be country-level assessments in terms of localized laws, regulations, structures, initiatives and public reaction. Second, there needs to be an analysis based on political use of implementation within a context-based framework. In this case, there has been, and continues to be overall public distrust of CCTV technology. Moreover, studies have revealed general poor evaluative results, like in the case of Toronto. For example in 2006, Toronto’s Police Service conducted a 6-month study on CCTV use for advancing community safety. The pilot study was slightly different from that of Montreal’s since it was accompanied by surveys and public consultation meetings. However, the results of the pilot study were unsatisfactory. The study reveals that CCTV systems do not deter offenders and instead promote a false sense of security. There was major criticism that video surveillance is a “band-aid solution” that does not address the cause(s) of the problem(s). Instead, resources should be directed towards community programs.
