Description
ABSTRACT
This seminar is on an automatic transfer switch,which is a device that is used with a stand-alone generator, for supplying emergency power to a residence or small business. The automatic transfer switch apparatus is configured to sense a utility line failure, start up and stabilize the generator, and switch over the household circuits from the utility to the generator, and switch back when the utility recovers. A load-shedding feature is provided for shedding and restoring different circuits within the residence that represents loads of different priority, with loads being shed and restored, according to their priority.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- OPERATIONAL REVIEW OF A TRANSFER SWITCH
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- RESEARCH GAP
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- COMPONENTS USED
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Automatic Transfer SwitchATS is a device for initiating an automatic changeover from mains supply to generator supply through many intermediate transfer stages which involves activating the fuel valve, choke valve and the generator starter.
But with an Automatic Transfer Switch, everything is fully automatic. When the utility power goes out, the transfer switch signals your generator to start. Once the generator is running the transfer switch automatically connects your home or business to the generator (Ransome, 2019). When the utility power is restored, the transfer switch reconnects your home or business to the utility. Then it turns off your generator and waits for the next power outage. This helps you to save fuel costs and it is much safer because of its user-free operation.
For example, in a home equipped with a backup generator and an ATS, when an electric utility outage occurs, the ATS will tell the backup generator to start. Once the ATS sees that the generator is ready to provide electric power, the ATS breaks the home’s connection to the electric utility and connects the generator to the home’s main electrical panel. The generator supplies power to the home’s electric load, but is not connected to the electric utility lines. It is necessary to isolate the generator from the distribution system to protect the generator from overload in powering loads in the house and for safety, as utility workers expect the lines to be dead.
When utility power returns for a minimum time, the transfer switch will transfer the house back to utility power and command the generator to turn off, after another specified amount of “cool down” time with no load on the generator.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Power failure or outage in a country, state or city is highly detrimental to development in public and private industries. The insecurity associated with constant or frequent power failure or outage brings about limitation to power consistent investments, thus hampering the development of industries and multinational ventures. Processes like carrying out surgical operations in hospitals, laboratories which require constant power supply for research, money transactions between banks and more require constant use of uninterrupted power. In other to solve this problem, an automatic transfer switch was invented. It has the capacity to automatically switch power from national grid to generator and vice versa, once there is power failure in any of the two power supplies and at the same time has the capacity of shutting down a generator set once the mains grid is been restored and vice versa.
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this seminar is to carry out a researchon a workable automatic change over switch.
The objectives of this study are:
- To ensure steady power supply
- To replace manual switching with the automatic
- To ensure human comfort
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Automatic Transfer Switches are used to insure the continuity of power supply such as if a backup generator is used to supply backup power when public utility power fails, there will be a pause while the generator starts up.
Automatic Transfer Switches provides fast response to power outage.
It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response.
Moreover, the size and captivity of the unit will depend upon the load for which it will be used. The unit is also portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Automatic transfer switches can found useful in places like: hospitals, data centers, jails and prisons, fire departments, defense organizations, and police departments.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This scope of this seminar covers studying the operation of an automatic transfer switch which includes backing up a generator so that when an electric utility outage occurs, the ATS will tell the backup generator to start. Once the ATS sees that the generator is ready to provide electric power, the ATS breaks the home’s connection to the electric utility and connects the generator to the home’s main electrical panel. The generator supplies power to the home’s electric load, but is not connected to the electric utility lines. It is necessary to isolate the generator from the distribution system to protect the generator from overload in powering loads in the house and for safety, as utility workers expect the lines to be dead.
