Description
ABSTRACT
In rural areas electric are unavailable or expensive. So performing many activities human muscle power can be good alternative energy requirement. Bicycle is the most efficient mechanical devices developed by man and pedaling is the key to the most efficient use of leg power. Milling is most important aspect of post-harvest operation of paddy. The traditional method of paddy dehulling is laborious, time consuming and low output. So improve milling efficiency mini rice mill for domestic purpose design and developed. The mini rice mill consists of chain drive and gear amplification mechanism that turn huller shaft in housing filled with paddy. In this system is to remove the husk and the brain layers from paddy rice to produce whole white rice kernels. They free the user from rising energy costs, and can be used anywhere, and are easy to maintain, produce no pollution and provide healthy exercise
TERMS DEFINITIONS
Paddy rice is rice which has retained its husk after threshing.
Husked rice, brown rice or cargo rice is paddy rice from which the husk only has been removed.
Milled rice or white rice is husked rice from which all or part of the bran and germ has been removed by milling. Milled rice (white rice) may be further classified into the following degrees of milling:
- Well-milled rice is obtained by milling husked rice in such a way that some of the germ and all the external layers and most of the internal layers of the bran have been
- Extra-well-milled rice is obtained by milling husked rice in such a way that almost all of the germ, all of the external layers and the largest part of the internal layers of the bran and some of the endosperm have been
- Under-milled rice is obtained by milling husked rice but not to the degree necessary to meet the requirements of well-milled rice.
Parboiled rice is paddy or husked rice that has been soaked in water and sub- jected to a heat treatment so that the starch is fully gelatinized, followed by a drying process.
Glutinous rice or waxy rice is kernels of special varieties of rice which have a white and opaque appearance. The starch of glutinous rice consists almost entirely of amylopectin. It has a tendency to stick together after cooking.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF RICE
- STRUCTURE OF PADDY GRAIN
- PROCESSING OF PADDY FOR BROWN RICE
- MILLING
- MILLING MACHINES
- EFFECT OF DEGREE OF MILLING ON BROWN RICE QUALITY
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- OPERATION DESCRIPTION OF THE MACHINE
- BASIC CONCEPT OF MACHINE
- WORKING PRINCIPLE
- DESIGN PICTURE OF THE DEVICE
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the wake of global food crisis and rise in the prices of staple food commodities, the Federal government of Nigeria has called on Nigerians to learn to conserve and make do with what is available. A strategic measure has to be taken to mitigate the crisis and revamp the agricultural system in order to meet the expected shortfall arising from the export ban by rice-exporting nations.
Grain processing and storage is a key step in the grain distribution system. However, Nigeria is far behind in processing devices compare to developed nations. Traditional processing techniques have hindered Nigeria from fully utilizing her grain resources.The annual output of paddy-rice in Nigeria is very high. Half of Nigerians regards rice (oryza sativa L.) as their staple food. However, the main method of rice distribution is to transport paddy-rice directly to towns and cities for storage and processing. This waste about 25% of barn storage capacity and about 30% of distribution expenses compared with other developed countries where grain is dehulled within the production area (Vialle and Juliano, 1993). Milling enterprises in Nigeria are managed below standards; they have low comprehensive utilization rate of by-product and their production cannot meet market demand.
The basic goal of industrial rice milling is transforming paddy rice into white rice, while giving it a good appearance and selecting the best quality grain for human consumption. When rice is harvested it has a non-edible husk or hull surrounding the kernel. At the rice mill, all stalks and other foreign material are removed from the rough rice by a variety of specialized machinery. The main aim of this work is to improve, design, fabricate and test the performance of a proposed rice milling machine.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Rice is the staple food of Nigeria, and production of rice is considered as one of the important Industry in India. For rice production require fuel or electricity supply that unnecessary increase the cost which leads to the evolution of mini rice mill for domestic purpose so that use of fuel and electricity supply as well as high horse powered engine can be eliminated and hence cost can be reduced. The rice mill consists of three sub system:
- The Energy unit
- Transmission unit
- The processing unit. The energy unit mainly uses the simple concept of bicycle pedaling
The transmission unit consist of chain drive mechanism running over a pair of speed increasing gear and process unit consist of huller shaft, hopper, and housing. By using hopper paddy fall on to the spiral portion of the huller shaft .the paddy is thrust forward into the distributor section which distributed the paddy into the plurality of longitudinal flutes of huller shaft .As the huller shaft rotats, paddy falls through the adjustable gap formed between the longitudinal raised edges of the huller shaft and the edge of the end plate. Paddy is subjected to pressure and shearing action between the two edges and the husk is removed.
1.2 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
In rural areas spend considerable amount of time managing their daily energy requirements. Rural communities have been using traditional rice milling process to dehusk the paddy, but they have low efficiency. They continue to spend about 2-3 hours every two day at home busy with paddy hulling. This type of rice milling machine came to overcome this limitation in that it is faster and also have an efficiency higher than the old milling machine.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study was undertaken with following objectives:
(1)To evolve anew design for proposed mini rice mill for domestic purpose.
- The selection of mechanism for transmission of motion and power
- The machine should be capable to paddy de-husking at home instead to sending to rice mill. Maximize the total milled rice recovery out of paddy, minimize grain
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The rice milling machine has been used by the farmers all over the world and is also practiced by the paddy farmers. The rice milling machine is an economical mechanism to turn a paddy into rice. Thus, the purpose of this study is to improve, design, fabricate and test the performance of a proposed rice milling machine.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Pedal operated rice mill whereas mill with electric motor are faster but that are costly as well as required electricity.
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