Description
ABSTRACT
Cooker plays an integral role in oil and gas well pads. They generate the heat necessary for separating the oil, gas and water mixture and to keep the gases in their vapor phase during transportation through pipelines. Industrial cooker typically use a portion of the gas coming out of the ground as the fuel to produce the flame for heating. The gases extracted from the ground enter the burner skid (commonly referred to as burner fuel train) at a high pressure and hence they need to be pressure controlled for use in cooker. This work is on fabrication of an industrial gas cooker.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN COOKER
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF FUEL GAS
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FUEL
- FLAME TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES AND FUELS
- EXPLOSIVE LIMITS AND IGNITION TEMPERATURES OF COMMON GASES
- COMBUSTION VALUES OF COMMON GASES
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INDUSTRIAL GAS COOKER
- PICTORIAL DIAGRAM GAS COOKER
- WORKING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER FOUR
- ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
- BURNER CONFIGURATION
- TESTING THE CONFIGURATION
- SELECTION OF COOKER
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
This work focuses on an industrial gas cooker is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane for industrial purpose. Some cookers have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
The gas cooker has many applications such as soldering, brazing and welding, the latter using oxygen instead of air for producing a hotter flame, which is required for melting steel. For laboratory uses, a natural-gas fueled Bunsen cooker is used. For melting metals with melting points of up to 1100 °C (such as copper, silver, and gold), a propane cooker with a natural drag of air can be used.
1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to design an industrialdevice which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane.
1.2 HOW COMBUSTION OCCUR IN COOKER
The release of potential energy of fuel by combustion with air requires several
stages, namely.
- Mixing of air and fuel
- Ignition of the mixture
- Chemical reaction
- Disposal of products of combustion from the reaction site so that fresh reactants are available. Except mixing of air and fuel, all other stages are extremely fast such that it is said that if fuel and air are mixed, fuel is burnt. Accordingly mixing is the slowest step in the process of combustion, this can be understood by considering that each mole of carbon theoretically requires 1 mole of oxygen for complete combustion. But 1 mole of oxygen is obtained from 4.76 moles of air. That means 3.76 moles of nitrogen are present with 1Mole of oxygen. Nitrogen is inert and does not take part in combustion therefore mixing of air+ fuel is important.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
An industrialgas cooker is a device which is used to generate a flame, in order to heat up products using a gaseous fuel such as acetylene, natural gas, or propane. Some cooker have an air inlet to mix the fuel gas with air, to enable complete combustion. Acetylene is commonly used in combination with oxygen.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
The hottest and most efficient of all fuel gases use in gas cooker, acetylene (C2H2) provides high levels of productivity thanks to good localized heating with a minimum of thermal waste. It also requires the least amount of oxygen to ensure complete combustion. This flammable, colourless gas is lighter than air so does not accumulate at low levels, where it could cause a potential hazard. It is generally supplied dissolved in acetone or DMF (dimethylformamide) in specially designed cylinders to prevent decomposition.
A low flame moisture content makes this fuel gas a good choice for many critical heating processes. Typical applications include flame heating, flame gouging, welding, flame hardening, flame cleaning, flame straightening, thermal spraying, spot-heating, brazing, texturing, profile-cutting, branding wooden pallets, wood-ageing and carbon coating.
Acetylene is the only fuel gas recommended for underground working conditions because it is lighter than air. It is also the only fuel gas, for instance, which can be used to weld steel.
In cutting, oxy-acetylene gives the fastest preheating and piercing times of any fuel gas combination.
Benefits include:
- Improved cut quality
- Higher cutting speeds
- Faster cut initiation time
- Reduced oxygen use.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- this device can be hazardous when not properly handled
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
Increasing safety concerns, tightening regulations and industry-wide efforts to achieve greater efficiency are all fuelling a move toward automated control of burners in well pads through the use of Burner Management Systems. It is essential for the safety of the burner train and downstream equipment that the pressure of fuel gas entering the train is controlled appropriately. Different types and sizes of pressure regulators are installed in the train to achieve the desired pressure control. In addition, the pressure regulators help maintain the flame intensity that controls the operating temperature of process fluid in the burner application. Hence, careful selection of robust and reliable pressure regulators is essential for optimal fuel train performance.
5.2 RECONMENDATION
Since final year project is mandatory to all final year irrespective of the department, we wish to make the following recommendations that the department should always inform the school authority to always make fund available for projects do that students can finish their final year project without difficulties. That department should find the importation of new books and technological magazine into the department library n current basis. This will change students into research and creativity. That final year topic should be released as early as possible so that students can have time to make exhaustive research.
