Design And Fabrication Of An Automatic Groundnut Frying Machine

Description

ABSTRACT

Groundnut is an agricultural product that is of great value to both man and animals. It serves as raw material for industries. Frying is the process of generating characteristic aroma, flavour and colour required by consumers for acceptance of such fried food. The wide range usage of groundnut and its products has led to increase in its demand. However, the local methods of roasting Groundnut seeds after it has been shelled has some associated problems and difficulties which make it ineffective, laborious and time consuming. An automated electric powered groundnut frying machine was constructed with the aim of improving on the traditional methods commonly used in the Nigeria. This adds generally to the cost of the machines and thus, makes them unaffordable, sophisticated in operation for SMEs and street groundnut vendors. In view of the associated problems and difficulties, an automatic groundnut frying machine is designed. The fryer has a percentage heat utilization of 0.83 with throughput of 56kg/hr.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• ADAVANTAGE
• JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC GROUNDNUT FRYING MACHINE

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• FIRST STAGE DESIGN CONSIDERATION IN NEW MACHINE
• WHAT IS DESIGN?
• WHY DO WE DESIGN

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SELECTION OF MATERIALS USED
• MACHINE DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

• DESIGN CONSIDERATION
• DESIGN ANALYSIS
• DESIGN DIAGRAM

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                          BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Groundnut is an agricultural product that is of great value to both man and animals. It serves as raw material for industries. Groundnut oil is also as vegetable oil for human consumption, while groundnut seed cake is being used as part of ingredients in animal and poultry feeds (Brian, 2005). The wide range of usage of this agricultural product has led to increase in its demand. Among the problems in processing agricultural materials is that of frying the seeds.

Frying is the process of generating characteristic aroma, flavor and colour required by consumers for acceptance of such fried food. Frying of food brings about thermal changes in the chemical components at relatively high temperature. This is accomplished by either using a hot air or small metal surface to heat up the material to the required temperature at which the material changes to required colour. Frying operation is traditionally done using different pots such as clay pots, aluminum pot, etc, on an open fire until they are brown (Williams and Chew, 2003). This method is ineffective, time consuming and laborious and subject people to back pain and expose them to smokes and heat from fire apart from firewood wastage.

Groundnut is roasted either by applying dry heat or using some vegetable oil. Mature groundnut can be soaked in brine and subsequently fried. Dry fried groundnut can be used in the preparation of groundnut butter, confectionery or bakery products. Frying reduces the moisture content, develops a pleasant flavour and makes the product more acceptable for consumption. The reduction in moisture during frying prevents moulding and reduces staling and rancidity. It is important to note that excessive heating during frying lowers the nutritional quality of proteins (Brian, 2005).

Mechanized agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanize the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity. In modern times, powered machinery has replaced many farm jobs formerly carried out by manual labour or by working animals such as oxen, horses and mules. The entire history of agriculture contains many examples of the use of tools, such as the hoe and the plough. But the ongoing integration of machines since the Industrial Revolution has allowed farming to become much less labor-intensive. Mechanization was one of the large factors responsible for urbanization and industrial economies. Besides improving production efficiency, mechanization encourages large scale production and sometimes can improve the quality of farm produce (Hounshell, 1994).

The processing of groundnut in the form of frying has been carried out in the traditional way by local farmers and low income earners who indulge in frying of groundnut for business. Traditionally, it has been carried out using local fire such as wood, charcoal etc., sand and a spatula which is used to turn continuously until it is well fried. The local frying of groundnut produces uneven roast due to the unavailability of accurate temperature regulation devices and apart from exposing the groundnut to unhygienic conditions. It is a tedious process involving hand stirring and exposure to heat. It has been discovered that fried groundnuts are of essential nutrients including phosphorus, manganese, copper and foliate and also lowers the risk of heart disease. This research work will go a long way in addressing the above mentioned problems and will also ensure that fried groundnut are readily available in adequate quantity and quality.

The objective of this paper is to fabricate and carry out the performance evaluation of an automatic groundnut seed frying machine with electricity as the source of supply.

1.2                                    PROBLEM STATEMENT

the local methods of frying Groundnut seeds after it has been shelled is by pouring and steering groundnut in a hot pot and this old method has some associated problems and difficulties which make it ineffective, laborious and time consuming. The local frying of groundnut produces uneven fried due to the unavailability of accurate temperature regulation devices and apart from exposing the groundnut to unhygienic conditions. It is a tedious process involving hand stirring and exposure to heat. An automatic groundnut seed frying machine was constructed with the aim of improving on the traditional methods commonly used in the Nigeria.

1.3              AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

In our country due to heavy cultivation of groundnut there is a need of frying the groundnuts and obtaining the fried groundnut in safe, fast and economic form. The agricultural industries in our country heavy machines to do the same but the farmers in rural areas and in small industries its necessary to have a economical and high efficiency machine which can easy bark the groundnut frying automatically, to get this done many this machine was fabricated.

1.4                       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

Hence we, the group of our class found the need of designing and manufacturing such a system will make the groundnut will easily fried and the nut too not get broken while the frying is taking place.

1.5                                  ADAVANTAGE

1. It requires no human power for its operation
2. It is easy to maintain
3. It requires no skill for its operation being performed automatically
4. It is fast as compared to conventional method

1.6     JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT

Our design improves on the prior art because it is inexpensive, small scale, and does not need outside help to build. The materials and tools are readily available and do not require communication with external parties to be built.

Big commercial systems are simply too expensive of our target market.

The automatic groundnut fryer is also a good low cost alternative but it requires the builder to have molds to make the concrete components. If the builder has access to fiberglass materials to make molds out of, it is easy for him to build the device. If he does not have access and buy the molds at through the United States, which may be very expensive. We aim to eliminate the need for molds and the need for outside parties. Our machine requires no foreign assistance at all. It can be built using local materials by the local craftsmen. There is no need for builders to communicate and interact with foreign parties.

1.7                            APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC GROUNDNUT FRYING MACHINE

This automatic frying machine can not only fry peanut or groundnut, but also suitable for all kinds of Fried products to processing, this fryer can realize automatic discharging, automatic circulating oil filtration system, automatic lifting, automatic deoiling, cooling, etc. This automatic peanuts fryer machine is also suitable for frying meat, fish, chicken leg, chicken, pork rinds, tofu, prawn crackers, chips, vegetables, etc.