Description
ABSTRACT
This work described here is based on micro-controller based function generator with XR2206 integrated circuit. This XR2206 Function Generator is capable of producing high quality sine and triangle wave forms of high-stability and accuracy in the range about .01Hz to more than 1MHz. Frequency adjustment range is accomplished using 4-DIP switch. The main aim of this work is to build a function generator using micro-controller, XR-2206 and display.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT
- BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SIGNAL GENERATOR
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SIGNAL GENERATORS
- WORKING OF FUNCTION GENERATORS
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF WAVEFORM
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
- PROGRAM CODE
- THE POWER SUPPLY
- DESIGN SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
44 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A function generator is described as a signal source that has the capability of producing different types of wave forms as its output signal. The most common output wave forms are sine-waves, triangular waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of such wave forms may be adjusted from a fraction of a hertz to several hundred kHz.
Actually, the function generators are very versatile instruments as they are capable of producing a wide variety of waveforms and frequencies. In fact, each of the waveforms they generate is particularly suitable for a different group of applications. The uses of sinusoidal outputs and square-wave outputs are use in inverter design. The triangular-wave and sawtooth wave outputs of function generators are commonly used for those applications which need a signal that increases (or reduces) at a Many function generators are also capable of generating two different waveforms simultaneously (from different output terminals, of course). This can be a useful feature when two generated signals are required for a particular application. For instance, by providing a square wave for linearity measurements in an audio-system, a simultaneous sawtooth output may be used to drive the horizontal deflection amplifier of an oscilloscope, providing a visual display of the measurement result. For another example, a triangular-wave and a sine-wave of equal frequencies can be produced simultaneously.
Another important feature of some function generators is their capability of phase-locking to an external signal source. One function generator may be used to phase lock a second function generator, and the two output signals can be displaced in phase by an adjustable amount. In addition, one function generator may be phase locked to a harmonic of the sine-wave of another function generator. By adjustment of the phase and the amplitude of the harmonics, almost any waveform may be produced by the summation of the fundamental frequency generated by one function generator and the harmonic generated by the other function generator. The function generator can also be phase locked to an accurate frequency standard, and all its output waveforms will have the same frequency, stability, and accuracy as the standard.
This work is aimed at building an arduino based function generator using XR-2206. XR-2206 is a monolithic function generator integrated circuit capable of producing high quality square, triangle, sine, pulse and ramp waveforms of accuracy and high-stability.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Function generator is a key component of electronics. Different sort of technologies have been developed so as to accommodate each and every aspect of signal generation. The traditional setup for function generation includes a bulky and a quite cumbersome assembly which the users find difficult to come to terms with. Thereby, it becomes evident in the world of technology to make way for a better and efficient prospect.
Also, function generators that we currently use are costly and complicated. A typical function generator does not allow interfacing and combination with other devices. So by using micro-controller as an interface between hardware and software we can generate different wave forms of different frequencies. They are mostly used for large scale applications. So, it is necessary to develop a portable and an affordable function generator which can fulfill the basic need of signal generation.
This paper provides a rapidly growing platform which can replace the age old technique of signal or function generation with a more effective means of technology using micro-controller, XR-2206 and display.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a function generator using micro-controller, XR-2206 and display. The objectives are:
- To build the device using arduino micro-controller, XR2206n and LCD and the major components
- To generate different types of electrical wave forms over a wide range of frequencies.
- To study the operation of the function generator.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The generation of signal is an important development in the troubleshooting and development of electronic design. The generator is used to provide known test conditions for the performance evaluation of electronic system design and for replacing signals that are missing in systems during repairing work. Most commonly they generate sine waves.
1.5 BENEFIT OF THE STUDY
This device is a for a small scale applications. The function generator is comparatively small, cheaper, easy to manoeuvre and capable enough to generate the basic waveforms like sine, square, triangular and sawtooth.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study covers the building of a function generator which is a very handy device in electronic design, development, testing and troubleshooting. It can generate the required frequencies which can then be applied directly to the target device for testing using XR-2206
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- Signal sweeps to get transfer functions of an analog circuit
- Generate clock signals at various frequencies or with varying degrees of phase modulation to test circuit stability
- RF signal generators can be mixed together to generate complex signals for testing mixers and similar RF components
1.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
The Arduino based function generator is a type of digital frequency generator. The waveform is generated in the form of binary stream and then it is converted into analog waveform by using digital to analog converter. On comparing with analog frequency generator which requires number of passive circuits such as integrator, differentiator and level corrector, it requires only microcontroller. It is easy to build and use. The basic components of this function generator are resistors placed in an array and Arduino UNO board, so it is very cheap compared to conventional function generator. Thus, it can hereby be concluded that for primary level applications instead of carrying the load of conventional function generators an easy, handy and reliable option like an Arduino can well be taken into consideration.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in designing appliances that can be used in our schools’ lab and industries. The device (function generator) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
The front and rear panels both have mains-voltage components and MUST be earthed (grounded) to the same transformer mounting bolt as the incoming mains earth wire. Heat shrink sleeving covers exposed mains-carrying connections as much as is practicable.
Working on this topic (function generator) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
