Description
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a novel approach towards effective irrigation system. The prepared system comprised of an Arduino, moisture sensor, submersible water pump, and relay mechanism. The moisture sensor sense the condition of dryness of soil at two different places on the field feed the signal to Arduino system will take the inputs from both the sensors and based on that it will decide how much water should be supplied. This system will continue to take the inputs from the sensors until there is sufficient amount of moisture in the soil and then it will automatically turn the pump off. This irrigation system will reduce the hardship of farmers, save the time and enhance accuracy and effectiveness in relatively minimal cost. In this system, water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough moisture in the soil. Whenever system switched ON or OFF the pump, a message is sent to the user via GSM module, updating the status of water pump and soil moisture. This system is very useful in Farms, gardens, home etc. This system is completely automated and there is no need for any human intervention.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM OF THE STUDY
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRRIGATION
- IMPACT OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM ON SOCIETY
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM WORKING
- CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
- SYSTEM PROGRAM CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
- Water Withdrawal– The volume of freshwater abstraction from surface or groundwater for an intended purpose. Withdrawal is directly measurable as the quantity of water withdrawn from the source for a particular activity over a specific period of time.
- Water Consumption– The volume of withdrawn water that is evaporated or transpired for an intended purpose.
- Drip Irrigation– Drip irrigation is sometimes called trickle irrigation and involves dripping water onto the soil at very low rates (2-20 litres/hour) from a system of small diameter plastic pipes fitted with
- outlets called emitters or drippers. Water is applied close to plants so that only part of the soil in which the roots grow is wetted (Figure 60), unlike surface and sprinkler irrigation, which involves wetting the whole soil profile. With drip irrigation water, applications are more frequent (usually every 1-3 days) than with other methods and this provides a very favourable high moisture level in the soil in which plants can flourish.[1]
- Flood Irrigation– A group of application techniques involving distribution of water in a field by the gravity flow of water over the soil surface. The soil acts as the medium in which the water is stored and the conveyance medium over which water flows as it spreads and infiltrates. Flood irrigation is characterized by uncontrolled distribution of water.
- Crop Yield– Weight of economically valuable crop that is harvested per unit of harvested area.
- Baseline Activity– Adoption of traditional irrigation practices that are relatively inefficient with water use. Traditional irrigation methods such as flood irrigation typically use gravity to disperse water across the field.
- Project Activity– Implementation of irrigation practices that promote higher irrigation efficiency, thereby reducing water withdrawal volume.
- Sprinkler Irrigation– A method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops before falling to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions are typically designed to enable a uniform application of water.[2]
- Basin Hydrological Flow– The characteristic behaviour and total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin. This is determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration and the impact of project interventions on these factors.
- Return Flow– Quantities of water that are returned to the sources from which they were withdrawn to be made available for other purposes or users (e.g. downstream farmers or wildlife). This could include unused water withdrawn for agricultural purposes that is returned to surface water sources or recharges groundwater aquifers.
- Blue water footprint– Volume of surface and groundwater consumed as a result of the production of a good or service. Consumption refers to the volume of freshwater used and then evaporated/transpired or incorporated into a product. It also includes water abstracted from surface or groundwater in a catchment and returned to another catchment or the sea. It is the amount of water abstracted from groundwater or surface water that does not return to the catchment from which it was withdrawn.[3]
- Green water footprint– Volume of rainwater consumed during the production process. This refers to the total rainwater evapotranspiration (from fields and plantations) plus the water incorporated into the harvested crop.[4]
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.