Description
ABSTRACT
This work deals extensively with the design and construction of an electronic dice display (EOD) with audio unit. The device displays the of a hudo dice in numberical form and also produces sound as it displays the number.
The device works with principle of chance employee by ludo game players. The output of the display is usually very rapid that the player does actually sex the number when the device is switched on so that it will purely be a game of chance. When the off key is pressed, a patellar number is displayed and this number is the number, the player got.
The operation of the device starts by the generation of a pulse frequency. The pulse frequency (square wave signal) generated by times (555 times) by connecting in an instable multibibrator. The output from this timer is used in clocking the binary counter (mod to counter) but this counter is biased to count just from zero through six (0-6) as we have in a lodo game dice. To achieve this bias in the mod 10 counter, the output from Qo, Q1 and Q2 were connected to the riset prins so that once the counter finishes the count of six or goes back to zero.
The result from the binary counter is then fed to the decoder driver before connecting it to seven segment so that the decoder will be able to covert the binary values to the decinal values that are being used in the ludo game dice. The seven segment then displays the numbers by lighting the diodes that make up that particular value.
This device is being regulated by a latch (4-edge triggered flipflope) which has two switches, one is used for putting the power supply and the other two push switches for the working of the dice display.
Organization of work
List of figures
List of table
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- DESIGN CONSIDERATION
- DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT OPERATION
3.6 IMPORTANCE AND FUNCTION OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED IN THIS CIRCUIT
3.7 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
3.8 DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM
3.8 OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN
3.9 PROCEDURE CHART
3.10 SYSTEM FLOW CHART
3.11 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND REFERENCES
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCE
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1.0 and gate diagram
Fig 1.1 capacitor diagram
Fig 1.2 seven segment diagram
Fig 3.01 block schematic diagram of an electronic dice display
Fig 3.02 block schematic diagram of an audio unit
Fig 3.03 555 timer schematic circuit diagram
Fig 3.04 555 timer block diagram
Fig 3.05 555 timer configuration
Fig 3.06 pin-out connection of a 555 timer
Fig 3.07a 555 timers in astable mode
Fig 3.07b timing diagram
Fig 3.08 Jk flip flop symbol
Fig 3.09 delay flip-flop from Jk flip-flop
Fig 3.10a delay flip-flop from JK flip-flop
Fig 3.10b D flip-flop timing diagram
Fig 3.11 D type flip-flop in TTL
Fig 3.12 Quad-and gate symbol
Fig 3.13a Circuit block diagram of a digital counter
Fig 3.13b Output wave forms
Fig 3.14a circuit block diagram of mod 10 counter
Fig 3.14b output wave forms
Fig 3.15 Mod 6 counter using decade counter
Fig 3.16 functional logic diagram of BCD to decimal decoder
Fig 3.17 seven segment display layout arrangement
Fig 3.18 seven segment display connections
Fig 3.19 BCD to seven segment block diagram
Fig 3.20 7447 BCD to seven segment decoder driver functional
Fig 4.01 top view of 7414
Fig 4.02 counter configuration for the 7490A
Fig 4.03 top view of 7474
Fig 4.04 top view of SN 7447
Fig 4.05 top view of common unode display
Fig 5.01 output wave of 555 timers
LIST OF TABLE
Table 3.1 time table for sK flip-flop
Table 3.2 delay flip-flop forms flip-flop
Table 3.4 and logic gate truth table
Table 3.5 table of counter output in various forms.
Table 3.7 bid to seven segment decoder truth table
Table 4.1a BCD count sequence
Table 5.0 procedure chart
Table 5.1 system flowchart
Table 6.0 program design
Table 6.1 program flowchart
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
An electronic die capable of reporting roll results is disclosed. The die can include an acceleration measurement system capable of outputting roll data. A processor can then interpret the roll data and transmit it through a wireless interface to a monitoring device. The monitoring device can then show a user the roll result. Waking the electronic die from a low power mode is also disclosed along with customizing the electronic die with faceplates and protective covers.
A die is polyhedral object used for generating random numbers or other symbols, used in association with games or gambling. A die or a plurality of dice is thrown or rolled so that the sides of the polyhedron move about until the die or dice comes to rest. At rest, the polyhedral then indicates the generated number, numbers, symbol, or symbols. Games traditionally employing the use of dice include board games, tabletop games such as backgammon, and gambling games such as craps.
The use of dice in games can be enhanced by relating the generated number, numbers, symbol, or symbols, to one or more aspects of game play. Traditionally game sellers have packaged dice with differentiating features such as colors, number of sides, markings, or other features. For example, a board game might include red dice for use in one aspect of game play and white dice for another aspect. Another example might be a game including dice with numbers indicated on the faces for use in one aspect of play and dice with a number of symbols or colors for another aspect of game play.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The device will increase the fun derived in play the game, even little kids can now join since they only need to press buttons for the device to work. The game will now be purely based on chance because all bias will be eradicated no expert can manipulate the device no matter how many times you use it. The normal phenomenon of playing tricks will be in thing of the past.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The design of an electronic dice display is invented because of the quest for reducing strenuous activities encountered by man, especially in the area of its recreational activities. This device is used in indo game. The indo game in its manual operation can be manipulated by the experts so that it can no longer be a game of chance. Sometimes players can employ tricks on their opponents when playing the game, for example, of the both players are not vigilant, one of them can event thoart the dice and claimed that nothing happened. The players too may get tired after playing two or three times because of the stress in shaking and playing the dice, the frequent hitting of the dice’s can on the ludo board can even give cracks in the glass covering the ludo board. One can even experience the dice getting cost in the game because the dice is very small so if care is not taken it can fall out from the board. All these problems were taken into consideration before constructing the electronic dice display.
Lastly, the surface on which dice are rolled and surrounding area can impact the roll results. Dice can also damage objects on or proximate to the surfaces on which they are rolled. The surfaces on which dice or rolled or objects proximate to the roll location can also damage dice.
1.3 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
It will be an unfair treatment to this project of the discussion of limitations that handicapped this important research work is overlooked. Hence it is considered necessary for it will be a stepping stone for the improvement in further work.
The work is limited to just playing and displaying of the number got and the generation of sound though enyshasis was not laid on the sound system. Part of the limitations in this project is as a result of their non-inclusion in the scope while others are due to constraints. The design specification was to achieve an electronic dice display that can display from 1-6. also the system is not protected from wrong voltage supplies. Voltage polarities wrongly connected or supplies greater than the specified supply voltage will damage the system.
Most of the constraints were due to lack of tests with detailed information on the theory and the practice of electronic dice display (EDD). As 90% of the components are povety digital, they are not readily available on the market, some of the components especially the transistors used in sound display were not found in the market so I was forced to use the equivalents as specified in the data book and when some of these components are found they are usually very expensive.
Another problem was lack of equipment in to departmental laboratory for the execution and monitoring of the project, some of the equipment used in the other department market were bad and gave false result. The oscilloscope used was not supplicated enough to display very low frequency outputs of about 1Hz. Also lack of textbooks was another major problem. The few books seen treated components of dice display so shallowly. This calls for designing and redesigning till a working circuit was realized.
1.4 PURPOSE OF STUDY
As stated earlier, the design of this device is to help man conquer his environment with the advent of medium scale integration (MSI), integrated circuits (IC) can be used to design devices. That can help man perform his work effectively, with little or no stress and even sometimes at a cheaper into. The devices too will eradicate all the stress, tricks and pranks encounter when playing ludo game.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
An electronic die comprising, a die casing, a power source configured to supply power, an acceleration measurement system capable of providing roll data indicative of the orientation of the die casing, a wireless interface capable of communicating a roll result indicative of the orientation of the die casing based on the roll data to a monitoring device, wherein the die casing is capable of enclosing some or all of the acceleration measurement system, the wireless interface, and the power source, and wherein when assembled at least the electronic die forms a three or more sided gaming die.
The work covered the playing and displaying of the number got. This means that the device when switched on and start button is pressed it will be rapidly displaying the numbers, that is, all the numbers of a ludo dice but when the stop button is dressed a particular number will be shown and this is the number the player got. This means that the player still needs to get a ludo board and the seeds for the game.
1.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Here are some things to think about when designing this project work:
- Are you going to build your dice on the circuit board or mount it in a case? If you use a case you will need to attach the LEDs and switch using
- What colour and size of LEDs are you going to use? The most common LEDs are red, but many other sizes and colours are available (e.g. blue).
- How will you activate the dice? Normally a push switch is used, but you could use many other types of sensor, for example, you could have a light sensor (LDR) that can detect changes in light level when you put your hand over
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Common terms used in this work are described as below:
DICE: are small throwable objects that can rest in multiple positions, used for generating random numbers.
Ludo: is a strategy board game for two to four players, in which the players race their four tokens from start to finish according to the rolls of a single die.
Push switch: A push to make switch allows electricity to flow between its two contacts when held in. When the button is released, the circuit is broken. This type of switch is also known as a Normally Open (NO) Switch
AND GATE. It is a circuit which gives a high outputs (ie logic 1 = high and logic O = low)an AND gate is represented by a dot to indicate it is a multiplication.
CAPACITORS: It provides a means of storing electrical energy in form of an electric field.
COUNTER: A circuit, which gives output pulse for every two inputs pulses. If the input pulses are irregular the circuit is regarded as counter. Counters usually come as integrated circuit.
Decoder/driver: A decoder can be the reverse of an encoder circuit, there are a variety of decoders designed for specific purpose. In this case it is used as a code converter where it is required to convert from binary coded decimal (BCD) to decimal.
Diode: Diode are two terminal devices which exhibit low resistance to current flow in the other.
1.8 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
An electronics dice is used in the following places:
- family and friends – for fun
- for academic purposes, for the teaching of subjects such as English and mathematics etc.
1.9 ORGANISATION OF WORK
The organization of this work is in seven chapters: the first on the introducing; the second is on the literature review; the third on the design of the system; the fourth deals with the construction (implementation), testing and result (documentation); five is on the conclusion, recommendation and references.
The first chapter: introduction give a general view of what the electronic dice display (EDD) with audio unit is all about, it lists the components required, its aims and objectives, scope, limitations, problems and purpose of study.
The second chapter: literature review explains the different component, that make up the system, their makeup and how they operate.
The third deals on the design of the system, describes vividly each component of the system, their operating modes, specifications and applications, schematic diagram of the system showing independent modules which function together to make up the system.
Construction, the fourth chapter deals with the actual construction of the system, the design requirement, theory of functioning of each module system, breakdown of the module specification and construction. Calculations and careful selection of the component values of each module are detailed in this chapter.
The fifth chapter which is on the documentation deals on conclusion, recommendation and references.
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