Description
ABSTRACT
This project is titled the design and construction of a liquid level sensor and alarm system. It is designed to indicate the level of liquid such as water in an over-head tank. It not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full.
When the liquid is empty the wires in the tank are open circuited and the 180K resistors pulls the switch low hence opening the switch and LEDs are OFF. As the water starts filling up, first the wire in the tank connected to S1 and the + supply are shorted by water. This closes the switch S1 and turns the LED1 ON. As the water continues to fill the tank, the LEDs2 , 3 and 4 light up gradually.
When the liquid is full, the base of the transistor BC148 is pulled high by the liquid and this saturates the transistor, turning the buzzer ON. The SPST switch has to be opened to turn the buzzer OFF.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED THEORIES
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.3 RESEARCH GAP
2.4 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTIONS
3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION
3.4 COMPONENTS USED
3.5 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.7 SPECIFICATION AND OPERATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 CONSTRUCTIONS
4.1 CIRCUIT OPERATION
4.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
4.3 COMPONENTS REQUIREMENT
4.4 WORKING OF AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER
4.5 COMPONENTS PIN-OUT
4.6 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
4.7 POWER SUPPLY COMPONENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
5.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
5.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
5.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
5.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTION
5.4 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
5.5 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
5.6 COST ANALYSIS
5.7 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The liquid level sensor is a device that measures the liquid level in a fixed container that is too high or too low. The level sensor is a device designed to monitor and measure liquid (and sometimes solid) levels. When the liquid level is detected, the sensor converts the sensed data into an electrical signal. Level sensors are mainly used for monitoring reservoirs, oil tanks or rivers (Henry, 2018).
According to the method of measuring the liquid level, it can be divided into two types: contact type and non-contact type. The input type water level transmitter we call is a contact measurement, which converts the height of the liquid level into an electrical signal for output. It is currently a widely used water level transmitter.
This device consists of 4 LED’s used to indicate ¼, ½, ¾, full levels. Basically the unit is made up of various sensors acting as a switch. This device came to mitigate problems such as poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Automatic liquid level indicator system is designed to monitor liquid level in an overhead tank. This device helps the user to be aware of the water level in the tank through indicators. It is very useful because the user need not worry about the liquid such as water content during the peak hours of the day. It not only helps in the daily chores but also prevents water wastage. It reduces human labour, saves time and also keeps the user updated regarding the water content (Henry, 2018).
1.2 Statement of the problem
Nowadays, all the householders/owners are storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill. Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is wastage of energy and water. To resolve this type of problems a water level indicator is built to indicate the level of liquid such as water in the overhead tanks.
1.3 Aim and objectives of the study
This work is aimed at building a liquid level indicator that will use four sensors to detect and indicate the four level of liquid in a container.
The objectives of the work are:
- To build the system prototype at low cost
- To learn the working of a liquid indicator
- To automatically detect liquid level (1/4, ½, ¾ and full) with high precision.
- To control the supply of liquid thereby saving liquid.
1.4 Significance of the study
This study will bring solution to an overflowing of liquid from a container thereby preventing water wastage and saves electric energy. With this study, one can identify the level of liquid in a container. This study will also serve as a means of enlightening students on how to build simple electronics circuits.
1.5 Scope of the study
The scope of this work covers building a liquid level indicator using CD4066 CMOS IC as the heart of the circuit. The circuit consisting of 4 LED’s used to indicate ¼, ½, ¾ and full levels. When the liquid is full, the base of the transistor BC148 is pulled high by the liquid and this saturates the transistor, turning the buzzer ON thereby informing the user that the container is filled.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
The course of undergoing this project has disclosed numerous important things about a liquid level indicator. Ranging from its economic importance and recommendation based on the use of this liquid level indicator. Hence with the successful design and construction of this project, a more efficient way of ensuring continuous flow and pumping of water is provided even in the absence of the operator. This provides the possibility that is can still indicator the level of liquid in a container to the user. The water level controller can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes, Commercial complexes, Drainage, etc.
- Fuel level indicator in vehicles
- Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in most big companies
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in our homes and industries where the need for accurate flow and pumping of water is needed. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
You will need to power the circuit with a 6V DC supply which can provide 100mA or more current. The transistor BC148 maybe substituted with any general purpose transistor such as BC548, 2N2222, PN2222 etc.
Remember to turn the switch ON while pumping water otherwise the buzzer will not sound.
