Description
ABSTRACT
DC motors are widely used in industries because of its versatile characteristics and because of power electronics devices its controlling is becoming sophisticated and precise, but on the other hand because of the power electronics devices power factor and total harmonics distortion problem is becoming more prominent. In this paper DC motor control methodology is proposed which includes an Arduino UNO which control dc motor speed using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) concept. This feature is enabled in UNO to get variable voltage over constant voltage.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF DC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES DC MOTOR
- PRINCIPLE OF DC MOTOR
- DESCRIPTION OF A DC MOTOR
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- COMPONENTS LIST
- CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
- PROGRAM CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLETE DESIGN
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Because of low cost, less complex control structure and wide range of speed and torque, DC motor are popular in industry. Available methods of speed control of DC drives are field control, armature control and armature resistance control methods [Christian sen, 2005].
DC Motors are found everywhere: electronics, toys, fans, tools, discs, pumps etc. DC Motor is an actuator that converts the DC supply to rotation or movement.
There are different types of DC motors: Brushed DC motor, Brush less DC motor, Geared DC motor, Servo motor, Stepper motor and DC Linear Actuator.
Different types of motors are used in different applications like Robotics, precision positioning, industrial automation etc.
Generally, when a DC motor is associated with any micro controller based system, it is often connected using a Motor Driver IC. A Motor Driver IC provides the necessary current for the motor to run. It can also control the direction of the rotation.
In this project, an Arduino based speed and direction control of DC motor without using Motor Driver IC is designed.
- AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to design a device that uses a Arduino to control the speed of a dc motor. The objectives are:
- To build an Arduino based speed and direction control of DC motor without using Motor Driver IC is designed.
- To increase efficiency
- To program an Arduino to produce Pulse Width Modulation.
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work focused on the interface of a DC motor to Arduino UNO and control it’s speed using PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) concept. This feature is enabled in UNO to get variable voltage over constant voltage.
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
Drawback of this method of dc motor speed control is that they are not able to control the motor speed smoothly at lower levels, and as the desired speed is decreased, the torque of the motor also decreases proportionately. Due to this, at any unpredictable point the motor may just halt very abruptly. Also, during power ON, the motor may just not start up at lower speed settings and may require an initial boost by increasing the setting. Such situations are pretty undesirable and do not constitute an ideal speed control.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device is mostly use in controlling the movement and speed of other devices in industries such as in conveyors.
1.6 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
The purpose of a motor speed control is to take a signal representing the demanded speed and drive the motor at that speed.
1.7 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
This work is a Simple control of motor speed, it has:
- High reliability and
- Low initial cost of production
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
This paper proposes an inexpensive and compact model of motor control using Arduino. Depending upon pre-determined data the signals from Arduino are conditioned and corresponding output pins are checked for correctness The system that has been implemented has shown considerable output that matched our requirement.
The project has been successfully completed and the main objective of emulating a dc motor control on Arduino controller has been achieved.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This control system is recommended for every electronics laboratories, and industries to aid those working or living in those places when it comes to repairing their equipment. This control system has to be perceived by the society and the world at large as a necessary and vital technological upgrade.
While working on this design, at some point in time we were carried away by the fact that our project is working as desired but on further thinking, we thought about the fact that our control system should working independently on its own when it comes to the power supply unit, that the system get its power from the public power supply system which is well known that it is not stable, so on this note , we will advice any further work on this control system to have its power supply independent on its own or better still use rechargeable batteries or solar if possible.
