Description
ABSTRACT
This project work is on design and construction of a smart emergency light system. An automatic emergency light is an electronics device used in turning light ON during dark condition. smart Emergency Light will turn on the Emergency light only during the Dark condition. Ordinary emergency light will be switched ON during the power failure condition. So that if there was a power failure in day time the ordinary emergency light will also be switched on. So there is a loss of power. Our system will continuously monitor the light falling on the LDR and when there was no sufficient light over the LDR and there is a power failure then it will switch on the Light. So that the place at which the circuit was connected will always in Bright. And if there is a power failure then the power to drive the emergency light was taken from the Battery supplied with the circuit.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
2.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
2.4 MODERN INSTALLATIONS OF THE PROJECT
2.3 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
2.4 HISTORY OF POWER FAILURE AND SYSTEM RELIABILITY
2.5 DESCRIPTION OF POWER OUTAGE
2.6 TYPES OF POWER OUTAGE
2.7 PROTECTING THE POWER SYSTEM FROM FAILURE
2.8 RESTORING POWER AFTER A WIDE-AREA OUTAGE
2.9 POWER FAILURE INEVITABILITY AND ELECTRIC SUSTAINABILITY
2.9 MITIGATION OF POWER OUTAGE FREQUENCY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 COMPONENTS LIST OF THE CIRCUITS
3.4 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.5 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENT’S DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 PROCEDURE TO IMPLEMENT THE AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHT CIRCUIT
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.5 DIMENSION OF THE CASING
4.6 ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
4.7 PROJECT VIABILITY
4.8 RELIABILITY
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
5.3 REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, a considerable portion of consumed energy in electrical network is changed to artificial lighting. With the increase in energy consumption by various segments in relation to difficulty of generation, the importance of efficient ways of lighting can be investigated. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in low-light-level applications. Use of LEDs for signalization has been well known for more than a decade and for many different applications. In most activities, the lighting is needed. Therefore, the emergency lighting systems have become important (Peter, 2015). They have been considered as safety item and are required in many environments. They are installed in halls, ladders, garages, elevators, restaurants and other public environments ensuring lighting in the absence of electricity. Emergency lights are considered as extremely important for workplaces because they may be the only means of light available for the farmers or workers during emergency situations. The battery powered lights ensure that the workers can easily find an exit with relative ease (Peter, 2015).
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity. Modern lives require a continuous supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of an ordinary refrigerator. If one experiences a power off situation, your food will be spoilt. But much more important, what if the power failure “spoils” your business. For example, uninterrupted power supply is needed for your server, which manages your accounting programme or provides uninterrupted operation of your website (Peter, 2015).
Emergency lights are very useful electrical gadgets and are quite popular, too. During a power failure this device is able to instantly illuminate through battery backup and never allow us to stumble in the darkness.
This study is focused on building an automatic emergency system. The automatic emergency lights built with LEDs are proven to provide adequate lighting for a longer period of time. The automatic emergency lights will provide you with a light-sensing feature. This will give you an automatic supply of electricity in case of emergency situations.
The idea of the present emergency light circuit is truly compact, highly advanced, and may be kept plugged into the mains socket for a permanent automatic operation. The use of a Li-Ion battery makes it infinitely long lasting.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Power failure causes total darkness during night or dark hours which cause occupants of the house hitting or dashing their leg or feet against house properties such as center table which can cause serious injury to the occupant. Emergency lighting system came to solve this problem – it automatically illuminates the house when power outage occurs.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the work is to construct a device that when a power outage occurs, the lamp automatically illuminates and switches OFF the lamp automatically when power is restored. The objectives of the study are:
- To develop a compact and low-cost electronic circuit to drive and control the current of LEDs arranged in a single enclosure.
- To ensure that there will be adequate light provided when mains lighting fails.
- To automatically supply electricity in case of emergency situations.
- To reduce the level of domestic accident.
- To ensure that people within the building can evacuate safely in the event of an emergency.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut. Required especially in villages where there are long power cuts. It is important to install it near stairs or the place where level changes. Near safety signs it should be installed.
Basically a battery packed light device. This automatically switched on when the light is switched off or there is a blackout. It is common in commercial and standard residential buildings. This device is:
- Battery Efficient
- Pollution free.
- Easy to use.
- Very cheap
- Easy to install anywhere.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building an automatic emergency light. It is considered a device which has its one end connected to a power source and when the power supply is cut, the bulb glows with a rechargeable battery. emergency lighting work on the principle that when a power failure occurs in a household at night, a power failure light responds to provide emergency illumination so that the occupants may move about safely in order to take measures to restore the illumination either by changing fuses, if necessary, or by finding and deploying other light sources such as candles, portable electric lanterns, or the like. The automation of the system is based on light dependent sensor used.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
In this work, an automatic emergency lighting is designed and developed, and it is tested successfully, and verified all the features of it. An automatic emergency lighting is designed successfully and tested in real time environment with AC mains. The developed automatic emergency lighting is suitable in many areas such as home applications, industries, agricultural sector and shops, etc. Mainly, it can be used for the farmers, who can spend time in remote areas, night time workers and protect the fields from yield animals like peacocks. The advantage of this automatic emergency lighting is that it has no running cost and has low initial cost.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in homes and industries and wherever there is need for illumination. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel. The student involve should ensure that correct components from the circuit diagram are used.
