Description
ABSTRACT
Every day, we hear of wars, conflicts, monumental natural disasters, fatal accidents, tribal, racial and religious clashes, to mention just a few. All these phenomena always lead to wanton destruction of life and properties worth millions of naira.
As a result of these ugly situations today in our country in particular coupled with unemployment, which has led to decline in the standard of living, crime wave has escalated. Because the youths and the young school leavers could not secure any job, which could have kept them busy.
To avoid these issues a device has to been implemented that monitors the position of the human being and properties and inform by message or alarm when it is removed out of the allotted range. The proposed system is that the tag attached to the baby, if it is cut or removed then the system will be informed to the user by alarm and GSM alert, and also message is send to the nearest police station.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRCT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT LAYOUT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FIRE DETECTOR
2.2 REVIEW OF A FIRE DETECTOR
2.3 REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDIES
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE
3.4 SYSTEM CIRCUIT DESIGN
3.5 COMPONENTS LIST
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.3 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.4 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.5 TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
4.6 PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
4.7 COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUY
The present and likely to continue state of the world economy as a whole and that of Nigeria as yet a developing country in particular has made life uncomfortable and unsatisfactory for the masses.
Every day, we hear of wars, conflicts, monumental natural disasters, fatal accidents, tribal, racial and religious clashes, to mention just a few.
All these phenomena always lead to wanton destruction of life and properties worth millions of naira.
As a result of these ugly situations today in our country in particular coupled with unemployment, which has led to decline in the standard of living, crime wave has escalated. Because the youths and the young school leavers could not secure any job, which could have kept them busy.
And since the idle mind is the devils workshop, they indulge in all sorts of heinous and scandalous crimes in other to make ends meet. Assassination, high-way robbery, house become burglary, arson, car snatching, etc have become the order of the day. Criminals purposefully set public markets ablaze In order to cart away peoples hard earned merchandise from the markets. Hence the incessant burning of our markets of recent.
Because of these prevailing conditions and bad condition of our economy, there is the need to safe-guard the already acquired property especially from thieves and fire disasters as the cost of replacing them is beyond the reach of average Nigerian. There is also the need to protect life or building occupant(s) form harm by burglars or fire incidence.
Burglary can be traced back to the beginning of age and it was crudely carried out then. But today, it has advanced and become very sophisticated along side with modern technology. Hence, the crude ways used in the time past to the curtail robbery or burglary can no longer contain the present advanced techniques. Therefore, there is the need to device advance technological gadgets to march or subdue the present trend of sophistication demonstrated by burglars.
However, in the past, kitchens were built separately from the residential houses(s). These kitchens houses firewood’s, cooking utensils etc, while there is no electrical wiring and consequent electrical appliances in the residential buildings. But with development, we now have the kitchen inside the living apartments or flats where kerosene stoves, electrical cookers, boilers or heaters and cooking gas (highly inflammable) are used. There are also electrical wiring and consequent electrical appliances in our rooms. All these are potential causes of fire incidence, which could arise from the leaking of the cooking gas, electrical faults etc. Therefore, early detection of fire and burglar actions and a alarm warning are essential to prevent loss of life and property or harm to building occupant(s) so that the time needed to detect fire ignition, burglar operation and warn building occupant(s) is reduced. Hence a corresponding vital margin of safety for evacuation of property and alerting of the police and fire men is possible. This function of burglar and fire detection and giving of alarm warning can be achieved from electronic alarm systems.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Security is a prime concern in our day-today life. Everyone wants to be as much secure as possible. Knowing your home is protected provides peace of mind both when you are away and when you are home. Security is important even if you have outstanding public safety agencies (police, fire, highway patrol, etc.) in your area. There are far more homes than there are police officers, not to mention a plethora of skilled thieves. So we would like to implement our project to do everything possible to make your house secure rather than just relying on others.
1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The aim of the project is to build a multi-purpose alarm system with situation indicators from inexpensive and local electronics components that will detect burglar operations, shadow and fire incidence and give the consequent warning signal or indication in order to alert house occupants for appropriate safety actions. The objectives of the study are:
- To provide a means of guarding lives and properties
- To reduce crime
- To live in a house or premises without much fear of intruder.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project has 3 basic modules along with a GSM modem. GSM modem is used to send the SMS whenever there are changes in any of the three modules.
First module of this project detects if any person is entering inside the house. This feature is helpful at night time or whenever we are out of our home.
Second part of project serves the functionality of a door-latch opening using a password entered through keypad. As well as sending this data to a GSM modem through serial port. This module also turns on buzzer if 3 wrong passwords are entered consequently. User can change this password anytime he/she wish using a keypad. Third module uses LPG gas sensor to detect the gas leakage. If there is leakage then buzzer is turned on.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- Constant Protection: If you install a monitored alarm system in your home, you and your family have round-the-clock the protection against break-ins. Some systems also have fire alarms built in, which provides additional reassurance. The constant protection of an alarm system is particularly comforting when you may be away from your home for an extended period or you must leave your children home alone for an evening. It also means that your home is protected while you are sleeping so you can have peace of mind about your family’s safety and get a good night’s sleep.
- Deterrent to Criminals: Most home alarm systems provide small lawn signs or placards for your window that indicate that your home is protected by a security company. In many cases, the presence of this type of sign alone may persuade burglars and other criminals to pass over your home and move on to a dwelling that is not protected by a security system. Be sure to clearly display the decals and signs from your monitoring company to fully advertise your home’s security.
- Lower Insurance Rates: While there is a significant cost to install a home alarm system, it can mean a financial advantage as well. Your insurance company may actually adjust the rate on your homeowners insurance policy if you have a system installed in your home. Because your home is protected from theft – and in many cases, fire – costly incidences that might require you to make a claim are less likely to occur in your home. As a result, your insurance company can lower your rate.
- Remote indication: With the use of GSM technology owner of the house or industry get remote indication through SMS. So even if the user is away from home or industry, he/she will be intimated about the hazardous or undesirable conditions / situations inside the house.
- This system is fully automated. So once this system is installed inside home or industry, then it does not require any human interaction to operate.
With the use of this system we can save the life of person inside home / industry. Since the accidents caused due to fire and LPG gas leakage can cause life threat. - Also the property inside house and various materials inside the house and industry are saved from to theft and from fire detection.
- This system is Cost effective. Also it is Fast and efficient
1.6 PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
Cut Phone Line: If your alarm system is connected to your security company by phone line only, you can run into problems. A burglar may cut your phone line before entering your home and all monitoring and communication with your alarm company is terminated. As a result, it is a good idea to have a cellular radio installed with your system, which will allow communication with the security company even if the phone line is cut.
False Alarms: While a home alarm system can provide security and peace of mind, it has the potential to become fairly annoying as well. It is not uncommon for false alarms to occur with your system. In some cases, the police or fire department may be dispatched to your home before you have a chance to explain the mistake to your security company. Some police departments may charge you if they are repeatedly called to your home without reason. To avoid false alarms, consult with your alarm company to determine what might be causing them so you can make adjustments.
Expense: The primary disadvantage of a home alarm system may be its expense. It is costly to have the system installed in the first place, but security companies charge a daily or monthly fee to provide monitoring services as well. These fees can quickly add up, so if you are on a budget, it may put a strain on your finances.
1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
1) This project has its main application in security system. This project can be used in home as SMS based domestic security system. It will be really useful for the security of flat, bungalow or any row house. It can be used in our house for theft detection at night time. The other part of the project (password detector) can be used to automate the door locking process, so the user need not to carry the door lock keys along with him, he/she can just remember the password and use it later to open the door.
2) Various parameters monitored in this project like LPG gas leakage, theft detection and overheat due to fire are also applicable for industrial purpose as well. So this system can also be used in industries as a GSM based industrial security system.
3) We can use this project in Restaurants as well as hotels, since LPG Gas cylinders are majorly used for cooking purpose in hotels and restaurants. Also they are very much prone to fire. So this project can be fitted in cooking section or kitchen of hotels. We can also use this project for the lodging rooms in hotels or rented rooms in a hotel. User will be provided a password to enter in this room and various parameters in this room will be monitored.
4) This project can be used in hospitals. We need to do little bit modifications for use in hospital. We can add oxygen gas sensor to detect the leakage in oxygen gas cylinders, as it can also cause fire. The password operated locking section can be used in hospitals for those rooms which have limited access like rooms with chemical or x-ray machine units. So only authorized person can gain access to this areas/rooms/sections.
1.8 LIMITATION OF STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
- Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.
Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).
Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work
1.9 PROJECT LAYOUT
The project report or thesis has been arranged and organized in such a way that as followed all the steps and procedures taken to ensure the success of this project.
Chapter one deals with the introduction of the project, where the objective of the project. The background information and what the project is all about were clearly stated.
Chapter two deals with the literature review in which the origin, concept, nature and review of the method used in designing the project were discussed.
Chapter three has to do with construction proper of the designed circuits making use of the various electronic workshop tools and equally the testing analysis, packaging and assembling.
Chapter five dealt with conclusion, recommendation and references.
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