Description
ABSTRACT
This project is titled design and construction of an automatic fire alarm. Fire alarm is an electronics device that is stored in a building to detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion (which involves change of temperatures). In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke. This fire alarm system composes of 555 timer IC and thermistor – which works as a smoke sensor. The aim of this project is to design and construct a fire alarm for a building that will detect the presence of fire accident in a building.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- PARTS OF FIRE ALARM
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- REVIEW OF SMOKE DETECTOR
- REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
- REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN
- REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM INITIATING DEVICES
- FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
- PARTS OF FIRE ALARM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT OPERATION AND DESCRIPTION
3.4 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
3.5 PARTS LIST
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In modern society, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings (Kandil et al., 2019). But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with temperature changes. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both (Kandil et al., 2019). Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke (Kandil et al., 2019).
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The Nigerian environment is considered to be hazards prone brought about by man-made and natural disasters due to its geographic circumstance which is exposed to catastrophic, floods droughts and fires. Based on the reports; devastations of these natural hazards and disasters including fires have increased in recent years (Healeyet al., 2013). Our lifestyle of negligence and adapting to emerging technological solutions puts us at the risk of loss to fire and related occurrences as seen in markets, homes and other public places. The risk of fire occurrence is high especially during the dry season, Christmas and New Year celebration due to firecrackers. In the case where house fires are prevalent, it has effect to derail the economic growth, destroy social and physical capital including infrastructures, which resort to reallocation of ongoing programs to finance relief operations to fatalities and inhabitants and reconstruction efforts which diverts funds to social services (Morris et al., 2013). Fires are considered natural and man-made hazards. This technology aimed at putting an end to these problems by alerting the owner of house at the starting point of fire accident via alarm.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with temperature changes. The objectives are:
- To build this device at lower cost
- To interface 555 timer with thermistor and buzzer.
- To ensure security of our environment, lives and properties
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF FIRE ALRM SYSTEM
The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.
Another advantage is that they are the only way to obtain remote monitoring services. This becomes important in cases where family members may not be capable of escaping from a fire without assistance.
The study will serve as a means of making the reader and the student involved to become familiar with temperature sensor – thermistor.
This device will serve as a means of increasing reliability and protection thereby protecting lives and properties.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this work is to build a circuit that detects the fire and activates the Buzzer. This device is very important devices to detect fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people or property.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Fire alarms are prime necessities in modern buildings and architectures, especially in banks, data centers and gas stations.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
They detects the fire in ambiance at very early stage by sensing heat and raise an alarm which warns people about the fire and furnish sufficient time to take preventive measures. It not only prevents a big losses caused by deadly fire but sometimes proves to be life savers. The major components of this device is 555 Timer IC and thermistor which is the sensor – which will sense the fire (temperature rise in surrounding), and trigger the alarm.
1.7 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construction of the circuit was carried out.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.8 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuss the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
In summary, there are several options for a building’s fire detection and alarm system. The ultimate system type, and selected components, will be dependent upon the building construction and value, its use or uses, the type of occupants, mandated standards, content value, and mission sensitivity. Contacting a fire engineer or other appropriate professional who understands fire problems and the different alarm and detection options is usually a preferred first step to find the best system.
