Description
ABSTRACT
This work is on digital alarm clock using micro-controller. An alarm clock is a clock that indicates a pre-set time by producing sound at that time. This functionality of digital clock is used to awaken people or remind them of something. In this work, an extra switch is provided to set the alarm. While the alarm is set, the clock time does not stop and runs in the background. The circuit is build around 8051 micro-controller (AT89C51) and uses LCD to display time.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
1.7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
1.9 METHODOLOGY
1.10 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALARM
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
- BASIC OF THE SYSTEM
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
- SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
- POWER SUPPLY UNIT
- DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING SECTION
- SYSTEM TESTING
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
An alarm clock is a clock that is designed to make a sound, or some other signal, at a specific time. The primary utility of these clocks is to awaken people from their night’s sleep or short naps; they are sometimes used for other reminders as well. Most use sound; some use light or vibration. Some have sensors to identify when a person is in a light stage of sleep, in order to avoid waking someone who is deeply asleep, which causes tiredness, even if the person has had adequate sleep. To stop the sound or light, a button or handle on the clock is pressed; most clocks automatically stop the alarm if left unattended long enough. A classic analog alarm clock has an extra hand or inset dial that is used to specify the time at which to activate the alarm. Alarm clocks are also found on mobile phones and watches.
Traditional mechanical alarm clocks have one or two bells that ring by means of a mainspring that powers a gear to propel a hammer back and forth between the two bells or between the interior sides of a single bell. In some models, the back encasement of the clock itself acts as the bell. In an electric bell-style alarm clock, the bell is rung by an electromagnetic circuit and armature that turns the circuit on and off repeatedly.
Digital alarm clocks can make other noises. Simple battery-powered alarm clocks make a loud buzzing or beeping sound to wake a sleeper, while novelty alarm clocks can speak, laugh, sing, or play sounds from nature.
Some alarm clocks have radios that can be set to start playing at specified times, and are known as clock radios. Some alarm clocks can set multiple alarms, a useful feature for couples who have different waking up schedules. A progressive alarm clock, still new in the market, can have different alarms for different times and even play music of your choice. Most modern televisions, mobile phones and digital watches have alarm clock functions to turn on or make sounds at a specific time.
Digital alarm clocks display a numeric representation of time. Two numeric display formats are commonly used on digital alarm clocks. This digital clock uses LCD to display the set time.
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
Alarm Clocks are in homes, offices and many other places; smaller ones (watches) are carried on the wrist or in a pocket; larger ones are in public places, e.g. a railway station or church.
The primary purpose of a alarm clock is to indicates a pre-set time by producing sound at that time. Clocks may also have the facility to make a loud alert signal at a specified time, typically to waken a sleeper at a preset time; they are referred to as alarm clocks. The alarm may start at a low volume and become louder, or have the facility to be switched off for a few minutes then resume. Alarm clocks with visible indicators are sometimes used to indicate to children too young to read the time that the time for sleep has finished; they are sometimes called training clocks.
A clock mechanism may be used to control a device according to time, e.g. a central heating system, a VCR, or a time bomb. Such mechanisms are usually called timers. Clock mechanisms are also used to drive devices such as solar trackers and astronomical telescopes, which have to turn at accurately controlled speeds to counteract the rotation of the Earth.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The objective of this project is to construct a device that indicates a pre-set time by producing sound at that time. This functionality of digital clock is used to awaken people or remind them of something. This work displays time on a 16×2 LCD module. The LCD is interfaced with 8051 micro-controller (AT89C51)
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
You truly cannot be an organized human being unless you use a good timing system. Alarm clock can help one to keep all of their appointments, activities
One of the most beautiful things about digital clock is that they can be synced, so you can have your clock on your smart phone, your tablet, your laptop, as well as it can sync to your husband’s electronic clock and your kids’ clock. So no matter where you are- you can easily look up and see what your current appointments are for any given day. And the important people in your life can know the latest schedule and commitments too- without coming home and consulting the kitchen wall.
1.5 ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK
- Even if there is power failure, this clock can be powered with battery. After a reset, battery change or power failure, these clocks without a backup battery.
- Simplicity of the system.
- Accuracy of the system.
1.5 APPLICATIONS
Because digital alarm clock is very small and inexpensive devices that enhance the popularity of product designs, they are often incorporated into all kinds of devices such as
• Cars
• schools
• offices
- Used at homes. E.T.C
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
One has to reset the time whenever the alarm is needed. Sometimes the alarm can be annoying when trying to sleep.
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a digital alarm clock. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a digital alarm clock were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a digital alarm clock. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
Analogue electronics components were investigated and a 555 timer, a BCD counter, a BCD Decoder and a seven segment display were combined to form a digital timer circuit.
Different methods were analysed to determine the best technique for creating an efficient timer until one was chosen and the circuit was designed. The chosen circuit was verified through simulation using PSpice and Digital Works. This design was then implemented and modified to suit the needs of the project. Problems were analysed and repaired where necessary until it was concluded that the circuit had met the design criteria of the project.
Once the correct operation of the circuit was verified, a PCB implementation was designed in order to make the circuit more concise and more accurate.
The PCB implementation did not perform as planned. Time restrictions meant that only track connectivity issues on the PCB were investigated and while several problems were identified, correcting these issues did not lead to normal operation of the circuit.
The special care taken to ensure minimum confusion, such as the colour coded, neat wiring, and the spacious layout on the largest available breadboard, was definitely an asset when testing the circuit. A few problems occurred, such as incorrect wiring of the registers, due to flawed reading of the datasheet, were easily resolved by moving the offending wire. Colour coding is highly recommended if attempting to replicate this circuit.
The tests revealed that all the chips are working perfectly. Each input bit can be shown correctly on the LEDs when selected, showing that the registers hold their values properly, and the multiplexers allow the correct bits through. Again, the flawless operation in the tests shows the benefit of excellent layout and wiring planning.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in homes, offices or industries, even at night to know every time of the day. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
