Description
ABSTRACT
Renewable energy sources i.e., energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, hydro power, geothermal and ocean resources are considered as a technological option for generating clean energy. But the energy generated from solar and wind is much less than the production by fossil fuels, however, electricity generation by utilizing PV cells and wind turbine increased rapidly in recent years. This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind stored in a battery to generate electricity. System control relies mainly on micro controller. It ensures the optimum utilization of resources and hence improve the efficiency as compared with their individual mode of generation. Also it increases the reliability and reduces the dependence on one single source. This hybrid solar-wind power generator with storage system is suitable for industries and also domestic areas.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- REVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
- OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- DEFINITION OF THE HYBRID POWER SYSTEM
CHAPTER THREE
SYSTEM DESIGN
- DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
- SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
- IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
- SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- WORKING PRINCIPLE
- SYSTEM INSTALLATION
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
We all know that the world is facing a major threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves. Most of the present energy demand is met by fossil and nuclear power plants. A small part is met by renewable energy technologies such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. There will soon be a time when we will face a severe fuel shortage (Thomas, 2015). As per the law of conservation of energy, “Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form to another”. Most of the research now is about how to conserve the energy and how to utilize the energy in a better way. Research has also been into the development of reliable and robust systems to harness energy from nonconventional energy resources. Among them, the wind and solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past 10 years. Both are pollution free sources of abundant power (Gando et al., 2011).
Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air. It has been used for hundreds of years for sailing, grinding grain and for irrigation. Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power. Wind energy systems for irrigation and milling have been in use since ancient times and at the beginning of the 20th century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas. Wind turbines transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to generate electricity. Wind turbines can be used singly or in clusters called ’wind farms(Gando et al., 2011).
There is a growing awareness that renewable energy such as photovoltaic system and Wind power have an important role to play in order to save the situation. Hybrid power system consist of a combination of renewable energy source such as wind generators, solar etc of charge batteries and provide power to meet the energy demand, considering the local geography and other details of the place of installation. These types of systems are not connected to the main utility grid. They are also used in stand-alone applications and operate independently and reliably. The best application for these type of systems are in remote places, such as rural villages, in telecommunications etc. The importance of hybrid systems has grown as they appear to be the right solution for a clean and distributed energy production(Gando et al., 2011).
This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate and supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As a result of continuous power failure and fluctuation in power supply by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN), sensitive appliances and system are affected by interruption power supply which was the reason why an inverter was invented. Inverters are widely used in the domestic as well as industrial environments to serve as second line of source in case of power cut from the electricity utility grids. The problem with the inverter is that the battery of the inverter dies out with the use of heavy load appliances. This project is designed in such a way that it overcomes this limitation by the use of solar and wind energy. Hybrid Inverter with Solar and wind System consists of a 2KVA inverter powered by a 12V Battery which serves as the storage system.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of this work is to build a 2kva hybrid inverter system with solar and wind energy.
The objectives of the study are:
- To build a system prototype.
- To design a Solar-Wind hybrid Power with battery as a storage system is the combined power generating system by wind mill and solar energy panel using battery as the storage device.
- To include a battery which is used to power an inverter and store the energy generated from Solar-Wind sources.
- To provide a means of alternate power supply using the two system to generate power by windmill when wind source is available and generation from PV module when light radiation is available.
- To avoid noise in the surrounding which is produced by gasoline engines such as diesel and petro generators.
- To save cost of fueling and maintenance of gasoline engine generators.
- To reduce damage of electronic appliances as a result of unstable power supply.
- To ensure that, there is continuous power supply.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
This device can be used to supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building a hybrid inverter with Solar and wind energy. The inverter powered by a 12V Battery.
Hybrid power inverter system is consisted of solar panels, charger controllers, inverters and rechargeable batteries.In this project generation of energy by using domestic Solar panels and domestic wind mill arrangement is made. During day time power is generated from the solar panel and during night and rainy season the power is generated from the windmill arrangement. The battery is used to store the generating energy and gives requiredtimings.
The technical studies of the hybrid system,carriedoutintheestablishmentphase,whichcould notbeaddressedintheintroductionpart,andthegeneralandtechnicalcharacteristicsofthesystemarepresented. Firstly, the choice of the system location was made. Preliminarystudiesandmeasurementsoftheintensityof windflowandsolarirradiationwerecarriedoutbecause therearemanywoodedandresidentialareasinthecampus. Thus, the most suitable place was identified to set up the designed clean energy home.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- Power generation is double
- Reduce the power demand
- Easy to implement
- Used in many areas
- Uninterrupted power supply
1.7 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
Though a hybrid system has a bundle of advantages, there are some issues and problems related to hybrid systems have to be addressed:
- Most of hybrid systems require storage devices which batteries are mostly used. These batteries require continues monitoring and increase the cost, as the batteries life is limited to a few years. It is reported that the battery lifetime should increase to around years for the economic use in hybrid systems.
- Due to dependence of renewable sources involved in the hybrid system on weather results in the load sharing between the different sources employed for power generation, the optimum power dispatch, and the determination of cost per unit generation are not easy.
- The reliability of power can be ensured by incorporating weather independent sources
- The stability issue. As the power generation from different sources of a hybrid system is comparable, a sudden change in the output power from any of the sources or a sudden change in the load can affect the system stability significantly.
5. Individual sources of the hybrid systems have to be operated at a point that gives the most efficient generation. In fact, this may not be occur due to that the load sharing is often not linked to the capacity or ratings of the sources. Several factors decide load sharing like reliability of the source, economy of use, switching require between the sources, availability of Sun or wind etc. Therefore, it is desired to evaluate the schemes to increase the efficiency to as high level as possible.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
5.1 CONCLUSION
In the present work a Solar PV Wind Hybrid Energy System was implemented. A portion of the energy requirement for a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used has been supplied with the electricity generated from the wind and solar power. It reduces the dependence on one single source and has increased the reliability. Hence we could improve the efficiency of the system as compared with their individual mode of generation.
In this study, the design step sofa system supplied by a mix of photovoltaic and wind energy were discussed.Fir- stly, general information a bout the employed solar panels and wind turbine were provided,the basic features were mentioned and how the system was built was explained in details. The system was tested to work correctly, by making a series of measurements and by connecting several loads to the system. Wind and solar power-related measurements and calculations and plots are presented in this study. The effect of temperature on efficiency of solar cells and effect of wind on wind turbine efficiency are investigated. The standalone hybrid system is realized experimentally in this study. With this hybrid power system, other scientific studies are performed and continue to be realized.
