Description
ABSTRACT
This project is on an 12 volts automatic battery charger with battery voltage digital display. An automatic battery charger is an acid battery charger that is designed to charge any acid battery.
In this work, a voltage sensor circuit is incorporated to sense the voltage of the battery under charge. The charger has the ability to automatically switched OFF when the battery voltage reaches the required optimum level with the help of the relay relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current back to the system, and the system have the ability to indicate when the battery is charging or not, when the battery is empty or fully charged through the digital display.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC CHARGER
- FEACTURES OF AUTOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER
- STORAGE BATTERY/METHOD OF CHARGING
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER
2.3 REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
2.4 REVIEW OF CHARGER UNITS
2.4.1 SUPPLY UNIT
2.4.2 THE RECTIFYING UNIT
2.4.3 THE SMOOTHING UNIT
2.4.4 THE REGULATOR AND REGULATED
2.4.5 D.C CHARGING UNIT
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 Material Parts List
3.2Hardware Design Methods
3.3 Software Design Methods
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS/ANALYSIS
4.1 Testing of Hardware and software
4.2 Hardware Result/analysis
4.3 Software result/analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
- SUMAMRY
- CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
A battery charger is an electrical device employed in charging batteries that are usually charged by battery charges are the storage batteries also known as “accumulators”.
The charger is made up of various electrical and electronics component which for the purpose of clanty are group into basic unit they are:
The power supply units
The smoothing circuits
The regulating unit and
Regulated D.C charging units and
Display unit
A Battery charger comes in various designs and voltage. The choice of a particular and of charger that depends largely int eh size of battery or batteries which on mterds to charge the mini battery changer could be used to charge batteries whose voltage ranges from 6 – 12 volts. The bigger battery changes are for batteries with voltage ranging from 12 – 48 volts. These are the heavy duty batteries.
The battery charge is built in such a way that it delivers a constant value of d.c current into the battery it is charging in the opposite direction from which current flows on the batteries during discharge one cannot successfully design a battery charge with out a fundamental understanding of the accumulator because it also makes up the operation.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the project is to build a device that will recharge 12v car lead acid battery with a digital display. The objectives of the work are:
- To build the system prototype
- To indicate charging process, low battery and fully charge levels through digital display.
- To prevent car batteries from overcharge.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This device charges 12v acid battery mainly, however, if the output voltages are adjusted can be used to charge battery of lower or higher voltages.
Apart from charging batteries, this device can also be used as a battery level monitor due to the battery level and digital display feature it contains.
1.4 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Battery charger is used in the following devices for the purpose of recharging device batteries:
- It is used in inverter
- It is used in Solar energy system
- It is used in vehicles
- It is used in an uninterruptible power supply(UPS), etc.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
The only problem with this device is that it takes longer time to recharge car battery because of the low current output, and it is design only for a 12 battery.
1.6 ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATIC CHARGER
Features of this automatic battery charger made it more advantageous than other types and they are as below:
- Automatic battery charger has an indicator or display to indicate when the battery is fully charged
- Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels of any type of battery
- It has a manually operated switch that is used to ON and OFF the entire system.
- It composes of in-built active components which stop charging process when the battery is fully charged.
- It consumed less current but generate high current to the load.
1.7 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The charger is made up of the power supply units, the smoothing circuits the regulating unit, regulated d.c charging units and display unit- 4-digit seven segment LED display. 4-digit seven segment helps you to get early warnings for possible battery and its charging system problems. Arduino microcontroller is the main controller in this project, which uses the built-in Fixed Reference Voltage (FVR) module to achieve a very precise and accurate A/D conversion of the battery voltage.
1.8 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to an 12 volts automatic battery charger with battery full cut-off and digital display. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of an 12 volts automatic battery charger with battery full cut-off and digital display were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of an 12 volts automatic battery charger with battery full cut-off and digital display. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY
Having carefully selected the entire component that are required for the construction of the charger and built according to the circuit diagram we were able to design and construct a workable battery charger.
This charger is not designed for battery whose emf is beyond 12 volts; otherwise the charge output voltage will not be sufficient to carry out any meaniful charging operation.
As with any charger it must be housed in a clean environment and operations should be by will trained individual.
Protective materials should be worn while charging batteries to avoid danger to health as a result of the gassing from the battery as the gas are highly inflammable.
5.3 CONCLUSION/SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
In the implementation of this project what has proved most difficulties is the selection of the right value of components some were using two diode (the maraine value), in order to have a perfect full wave rectification, we made use of four diodes and the and a functional portable battery is been designed and constructed.
The charger is very single to use, ever to a Longman all he needs is just a little instruction and it will be accustomed to its method of working.
There is still further improvement demanded from use, mostly in the area of building a work complex and functions charger that could charge cells of higher voltage that might ranges to 48 volts and be able to charge move that two or three battery at the sometimes having more that one terminal.
No doubt, the design and construction of this portable charger. Gas thrilled us in order to make things works. In fact, this actually performed us to take even challenges to this kind of coincidence and commitment.
Due to the possibility of this, it has surely put smiles on the face of most people like some motorist who has long been finding it difficult charging there own batteries at their homes and at their convenient time.
