Description
ABSTRACT
As technological advancement has been on the increase in our society many have fallen in love with technology and world want to have a feel in virtually to everything they do.
This Automatic Changeover Switch switches on and off the generator and automatically changes over to mains supply. An Automatic Changeover Switch will automatically switch ON and changeover to generator when power failure occur to the mains and as well OFF your generator and change over to MAINs on resumption.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
1.3 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
1.5 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
1.7 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT TECHNOLOGY
- REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS EXISTING SYSTEM
- SUMMARY OF REVIEWED WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
3.1 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCK
3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
3.5 THE RELAY DRIVER STAGE
3.6 THEORY OF THE MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
4.2 CASING AND PACKAGING
4.3 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.4 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING
4.5 ECONOMIC OF THE PROJECT
4.6 PROJECT VIABILITY
4.7 RELIABILITY
4.8 MAINTAINABILITY
4.9 PROJECT EVALUATION
4.10 TESTING, TROUBLESHOOTING AND REMEDY
4.11 TROUBLE SHOOTING AND REMEDY
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This project is on the design and co of automatic change over and how it can be used to change from one power sources to the other automatically. The design comprises some arrangement that senses the power failure form either of the power sources and drives the electro mechanical switching device (relay) that is capable of changing two poles (live and neutral) to give out light or be on standby to generator side.
Power instability or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. These limit the development of industries. In addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery operation in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in developing countries (Nigeria) creates a need for alternative sources of power to backup the mains supply.
Automatic changeover switches find a wide application scope wherever the reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and it is used in lighting/motor circuits wherever continuity of supply is necessary, for switching to an alternative source from main supply and vice versa.
Electronic components such as relay transformer diodes were used thereby making the project less expensive for the implementation of the project and commercial application.
Moreover, the cost suitability and availability of the required components for the project circuitry were some of the major factors considered by the designer
1.2 AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
To design a circuit that will automatically change over from main power supply (PHCN) to power generating set and vice versa, and using tripping mechanism or circuit to control the ON/OFF the generator set.
The automatic change over switch, the switch aimed at achieving the following automatic actions;
- To change mains power over to generator and vice-versa.
- To ON and OFF the generator set during mains failure and mains resumption
- To control power changeover without human operation.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The automatic change over switch has the following advantages;
- It minimizes damages to lives/equipment since it has its own monitoring system and its switching requires no human contact with the switch, thus eliminating human error.
- It reduces its change over timing to the minimum due to its fast response to power outage.
- It maintains high quality of service through its fast and prompt response.
- Moreover, the size and captivity of the unit will depend upon the load for which it will be used. The unit is also portable, easy, convenient and safe to install.
- Genset is put ON – during mains failure and OFF automatically when main power resumes.
- Minimized physical activity is to start the generator.
- It can operate in low voltage.
- Fuel is saved due to auto stop facility.
1.4 PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT
In every home, office or industries, automatic power changeover plays a vital role, that is, It provides a means of switching from utility AC mains to generator in the case of power failure; This project has been improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.
In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problem was notice such as:
- Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
- Difficulty in connecting the output without short-circuiting, until a multiplexing circuit was gotten.
- Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required.
1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This work covers only a one phase automatic changeover which can only be used for providing a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in public utility. It is limited to
- Phase – one phase
- Capacity – 10KVA
- Input Volt – 220v
1.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
- This circuit can be used as a home, office and industrial lighting system.
- It can be used to drive other ac loads like an ac motor.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
CHANGEOVER: Generally, a changeover switch is a system which could be operated manually or automatically , that changes one source of power supply to another source in case of power failure from either of the two sources.
RELAY: relay is one of the major components used in this work which is an electrical device, typically incorporating an electromagnet, which is activated by a current or signal in one circuit to open or close another circuit.
POWER FLUCTUATIONS: is a periodic dip or spikes in the electrical current of any given circuit.
POWER FAILURE: is a short- or long-term loss of the electric power to an area.
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this works is on the introduction to changeover switch. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of changeover switch were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of changeover switch. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
The automatic change over switch unlike most of its counter parts, has not only the ability to change over the switch but earn also turn on and off the generator and the same time synchronize the generator into system.
Also the ways the relay switch and the contactor is assembled makes it rating at contactor from 12v supply to 415v (3q) supply hence it can carry any ratio from 1A to 100A or even above. Hence it can handles up to 50KVA and even above.
The circuitry is simple and reliable and the same time to repair the troubleshooting and maintain the extra cost was eliminated by redesigning the circuit which does not in any way alter the efficiency of the system.
With the interest of the growing mass in mind, we look forward to coming up with other designs to provide alleviation and conveniences in the human society.
An automatic power changeover switch has been designed and constructed. The prototype of the automatic power changeover switch worked according to the specification and quite satisfactorily. The device is quite cheap, reliable and easy to operate. Whenever there is power outage, it reduces stress for manpower changeover.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in homes and industries and wherever the need for an indication of power failure is needed. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
