counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressedby counsellors in ilorin metropolis

Description

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Guidance and counselling are two closely interrelated concepts and each determines the availability and efficient of the other. According to Makinde (1999) and Patternson (1997) the word ‘guidance’ refers to a broad area of educational activities and services related to individual students inorder to understand them and adjust to school life. The development of guidance and counselling originated from the United State of America in 1900’s. A person named Godwin in 1911 orgarnised guidance programme in USA that catered for students. The emphases was on vocation information, awareness of the world of work, location of employment and reduction in examination anxiety (Makionde, 1999). He noted that since 1950, popular views of guidance and counselling have changed rapidly and that understanding youth problems are among the functions of school guidance and counselling. A random sampling of 100 consellors’ educational programme was carried out in USA. The study found out that guidance and counselling specifically influence academic performance of students.

Guidance and counselling are inevitable academic tools needed for educational development, academic building, moral booster and behavioural building and modification. Its roles can not be underestimated in places like schools, colleges, hospitals, courts and industries. Based on its importance in the society and different academic fields, there is need to introduce counselling in every area of our wold (Oladele, 2000).

As part of guidance performance, counselling is a process where by the counsellor assist a counsellee. This assistance may be educational, vocational, social or emotional. In other words, guidance and counselling is an assistance given by a guidance counsellor or career personnel to another person to identify his own resources and its environmental opportunities to be able to have self understanding and make decisions in order to be able to cope with the developmental problems and aspirations in life (Olayinka and Omoregun, 2005).

The principal good of a counsellor is to assist the counsellor to arrive at solutions, answers, plans and as well as make decisions which will assist the counsellor to understand himself, and find a satisfactory answers which are rewarding to his problems and assist him (counsellor) to grow towards the person.

The idea of guidance and counselling students in Nigeria could be regarded as an embodiment of rapid development which has started in the late 1950’s before Nigeria attained independence. Kolo (2007) is of the opinion that the British system emphasis heavily on classroom teaching at the expense of child’s welfare and personal development. The assumption then was that since the classroom teaching covered all aspects of the child’s development, the remaining aspects will be taken into consideration by parents and religious bodies.

Apparently, at the grassroot. Education and vocational guidance was presumed to be unnecessary in Nigeria system of education. This was because the selected for who went into study various subjects were successful or considered very capable of self direction academically while jobs were readily available in these days.

According to Oladele (2000), the period 1970 to date witnessed a great expansion in the development and training of guidance counsellors which has now become a household in Nigeria society. In 1972 for example, the idea of school guidance programme spread to other parts of Nigeria. During this period, efforts were made by the various state ministries of education to introduce guidance and counselling programmes in schools. Activities of the states regarding the programme were uncoordinated and did not have much impact.

The role of counselling as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools can not be over-emphasised. According to Oladuntoye (2005), educational guidance is the assistance given to students individually and through group techniques to assist them function more effectively in their school programmes. In other words, educational guidance and counselling refer to any assistance given to students to enable him place a suitable educational programme. Equally, Oladele (2002) observed that the primary objective of guidance and counselling services in secondary schools is to facilitate a better adjustment and development of students by providing them with information which include subjects to be taken, school extra-curricular activities, improving study skills etc. guidance and counseling services assist students to choose the right subjects that would lead them to the careers of their interest as well as provide them with information about schools, colleges and universities that offer these courses.

Secondary school students face various challenges that if not well handled it will affect their academic achievement. Therefore inorder to adequately address these challenges, emphases has to be placed on existing programmes within schools. Guidance and counselling is one of the programmes. Detailed studies are needed to evaluate the influence of counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence. The study was based on the premise that it is important to understand the extent to which counselling programme is used in addressing the challenges of students in school. This study will assist the counsellor to evaluate the impact that counselling will have on academic excellence in their respectful schools. When counselling programme is well conceptualised by the Ministry of Education and implemented by the counsellor with the support of the school administrators, the students will benefit by improving their academic achievement and self actualiasation.

Against this background, this study was carried out to examine ‘Counselling Services As A Predictor of Academic Excellence in Secondary Schools As Expressed By Counsellors in Ilorin Metropolis’ as a case study.

Statement of the Problem

Education in any society is expected to help members of that society to acquire the necessary knowledge, attitude and skills for effective performance in the society. This implies that these three areas of learning play complementary roles to each other and therefore functionally related. The importance of guidance and counselling programme in achieving academic excellence in secondary schools can not be over emphasized. This fact has more been realized by scholars and experts not only in order facets of life but as well as education or academics as a whole.

For example, Jimoh (2002) examined the challenge as it exist among the teachers in the 21^st century and found that the Nigeria’s search for development in the 21^st century may be an allusion by the government to give due recognition to the teacher who is the heart of Nigeria’s educational system and a catalyst in the realisation of national educational aims and objectives.

Similarly, Alhasan (2006) investigates the role of counselling in the character development of primary school pupils. He concluded that to develop capacity to learn and achieve certain basic skills, including analysis and inference which are essential to the forming of sound judgment and to develop in pupils a positive attitude to citizenship and a desire in them to make a positive personal contribution to the socio-economic development of Nigeria.

From the above, it can be seen that previous researchers focused mainly on challenges on teachers of counselling in the 21^st century and the role of counselling in the character development of primary school pupils. However  none of this study was on counselling on predictor of academic excellence nor on Ilorin metropolis. This present research is being embarked upon to investigate the roles of counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence as expressed by students in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State.

Purpose of the Study

The general purpose of this study is to examine the effects of counselling services as a predicator of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by students in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. Specifically, the study intends to:

•  Identify the objectives of guidance and counselling in secondary schools.
•  Find out the extent to which those objectives were met in secondary schools.
•  Examine the contributions of guidance and counselling program to the academic achievement of secondary school students.
•  Identify the problems confronting guidance and counselling program in secondary schools.
•  Suggest methods that can be used to alleviate these problems with view of further enhancing students’ academic achievement in secondary schools.

Research Questions

• Does counselling services predict academic excellence in secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis?
• Is there any difference in counselling services as predictor of academic achievement in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of gender?
• Is there any difference in counselling services as predictor of academic achievement in secondary schools as expressed by counsellor in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of age?
• Is there any difference on the counselling services as a predictor of academic achievement in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of work experience?

Research Hypothesis

The following research hypothesis are generated for the purpose of this study:

Ho1: There is no significant different on counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors  in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of students’ academic performance.

Ho2: There is no significant difference on counselling services as predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of gender.

Ho3: There is no significant difference on counselling services as predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of age.

H4: There is no significance difference on counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellor in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of work experience.

Significance of the Study

The study is significant in the sense that it will be beneficial to parents, students, teachers, policy formulators and guidance counsellors as it would provide them with fundamental information to assist them in recognising the influence of guidance and counselling programs on students academic achievement.

Further more, teachers who are implementers of school curriculum, would benefits from the findings of this study because they would realise the need to provide their students guidance and counselling services.

Also, in the height of the findings of this study, students would find it useful because when they understand the benefits they stand to derive from guidance and counselling services, they will develop positive attitude to the study.

Lastly, counsellors would benefit from the findings of this study because when they understand how to guide students in their academic pursuit, they would solved the problems confronting students which will in turn have positive effect on their academic achievement

Scope of the Study

This study was delimited to the examination of counselling services as a predicator of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis. The geographical coverage of the research work would be Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State and sample of ten (10) secondary schools, would be used as a sample in the study.

Also, a simple random sampling method would be employed to select two hundred (200) counsellors from the ten (10) sampled schools. The study was limited to the use of questionnaire to elicit relevant data from the sampled respondents and the data collected shall be analysed using t-test analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical tools.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as they are used in the study:

• Guidance: This refers to a progressive helping services rendered to the individual to be able to identify his potentialities and to make adjustment to his environment.
• Counselling: This refers to a learning process in which individuals learns about themselves, their interpersonal relations and behaviours that advance personal development.
• Students: These are learners in secondary schools.
• Secondary School: This is the intermediate between the primary and tertiary level of education. In this study, secondary school would refer to the first three years in secondary schools which is also known as the Upper Basic or Junior Secondary School.
• Educational Guidance and Counselling: This refers to any assistance given to student to enable him to plan a suitable educational programme and progress in secondary schools.
• Academic Counselling: This refers to the help rendered to the students in order to remove or minimise study problems with the emphasis on effective study methods or skills.
• Academic Excellence: Academic excellence or academic performance is the extent to which a student  achieves his or her short or long term educational goals. It can be identified by making high grades and superior performance.

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Preamble

            The results of this study have been presented in the previous chapter, using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages to analyse the demographic data of the respondents and t-test method was used to analyse the hypotheses. All the hypothesis were tested of 0.05 level of significance. In view of this, this chapter presents discussion of the findings; conclusion and recommendations based on the findings and suggestion for further studies.

The findings of the study reveals that counselling services is an inevitable aspect of learning process as it assist students to discuss their areas of difficulty and seek for assistance which will usher in a permanent solution to academic problems and enhance learning process.

In order to achieve the objective of the study, simple random sampling technique was used to select ten (10) Juniour Secondary Schools that were used as sample in the study. Also, with the use of simple random sampling technique, the researcher designed a structured questionnaire tagged “Counselling Services As A Predictor of Academic Excellence Questionnaire (CSPAEQ)” which was the instrument used to gather information from the respondents. Four research hypothesis were generated and tested in the study while simple percentage and t-test was the statistical tool used to analyse data gathered from the demographic and main question respectively.

The result shows that there is a significant difference on counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of students academic performance.

Also, the result of hypotheses two (2) shows that there is a significant difference on counselling service as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of gender.

Hypotheses three (3) shows that there is a significant difference on counselling services as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary schools as expressed by counsellors on the bases of age. Hypothesis four (4) is  accepted which  implies that there is no significant difference on counselling service as a predictor of academic excellence in secondary school as expressed by counsellors in Ilorin metropolis on the bases of work experiences.

Conclusion

            The findings of the study reveal that counselling service on students abreast of the available schools, colleges, polytechnics, universities etc and their requirement for entry. When students are fornished with such information, they would be able to deal with problems that could stand between them and the realisation of their goals.

Furthermore, academic counselling is important because problems that are associated with effective study habits would either be removed completely or minimised. Thus, their academic achievement would improve.

Conclusively, the role of proper counselling on subject combinations in secondary schools cannot be over emphasised. This is because when students are adequately guided in their choice of subject combinations, pursing of area of specialization of their desire will not be a problem.

Recommendation

            Based on the above findings of the study, it was recommended that:

1. Students should be provided with proper information about various vocational, social, moral, educational opportunities etc. Lack of or inadequate information may lead the students to incoherent and unrealistic decision or choices.
2. Government should ensure that well equipped counselling section is set up in all secondary schools in Ilorin metropolis in order to assist the students to resolve their numerous academic problems that may hinder their good academic performance.
3. Government should employ qualified counsellors in all schools. This will assist to a larger extent to enhance students’ academic performance in schools.
4. Students should be enlightened to visit counsellor whenever the need arises.

They (students) should be furnished with the roles of counseellors in schools.

Suggestions for Further Studies

            This study investigates “Cousnelling Services As a Predictor of Academic Excellence in Secondary Schools As Expressed By Counsellors in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State”. The study examined influence of academic performance, gender, age and working experience on respondents’ perception of counsellors’ services. This study cannot cater for the total success of students academic performance.On this bases , the researcher suggested that future researcher should:

1. Investigate into the roles of counsellors in secondary schools in Ilorin West L.G.A. of Kwara State.
2. Increase the sample of their studies and perhaps, make the study to cover Kwara State, or state other than Kwara or a geo-political zone in Nigeria. This will contribute to generalisability of the findings.