Description
ABSTRACT
The need for an effective and reliable intrusion detection with an alarm system have become vital necessity because of the frequent and rampant cases of burglary. Attack on homes offices, factories, banks etc. is on the increase. With the advancement in technology, motion can be detected by measuring change in speed or vector of an object in the field of view. This can be achieved either by mechanical devices that physically interact with the field or by electronic device that quantifies and measures changes in the given environment. This device is not only used as intruder alarm but also used in many applications like home automation system, energy efficiency system, etc. This project is built using few electronics components which capable of detecting motion of an intruder in a restricted area and then triggering an alarm system, motion detector system, however passive infrared sensor detected the motion of the person using the person body heat. The passive infrared (PIR) sensor which is the motion detector used in this project is attached to a transistors and relay which activate the alarm system and any other attached output device to notify the house owner. The initial testing of the design shows that it worked as expected.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Purpose of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope of the Study
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE COMPONENTS USED CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 Circuit Diagram of the project
4.2 Testing and Measurement
4.3 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation(BEME)
4.4 Principle of Operation
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The need for having home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Homesecurity has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration (Bill, 2019).
The guard was also susceptible to sleep at times. It was then that home alarm system based upon electronic circuits were developed which proved to be highly reliable and were appreciated by the people as they were relieved from constant monitoring of their homes (Bill, 2019).
Passive infrared sensor based security system is one of the home security alarm which is also called motion detector: The most common single-technology motion detecting sensor uses passive infrared (PIR) energy to recognize the movement of object, such as a person walking near the door. It is most effective in detecting when the heat mass moves across its field of vision of the sensor (Sampson, 2013).
This project proposes a system of that senses object across a sensor, this is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor which is the main aim of this work.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The need for having a constant home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration. This device brought solution to this need. It ensures adequate protection against intruders (Sampson, 2013).
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main purpose of this work is to build a PIR motion detector alarm system that will trigger an alarm when an object approaches the PIR sensor which triggers an alarm indicating the presence of someone. The objectives of the study are:
- To alert the user whenever in object or intruder is detected.
- To implement the circuit
- In increase security in our environment
1.4 Significance of the Study
This device operates with the help of passive infrared sensor which is also called optic or motion sensors. These sensors might be mounted before an entrance to a monitored place (Harrelson et al., 2014).
When these optic or motion sensors senses breaking of radiation, they trigger the alarm. Passive infrared sensor based security system has many useful purposes, which is why you can find them in many different types of locations. From supermarkets to airports and many types of large buildings, Passive infrared sensor based security system alerts security personnel even when they are asleep (Harrelson et al., 2014).
1.5 Scope of the Study
This work explains about PIR based security system in which PIR. This saves the power consumption and is low cost. PIR sensor is the short form of Passive Infrared Sensor. The PIR sensors are more complicated than the other sensors as they consist of two slots. These slots are made of a special material which is sensitive to IR. The Fresnel lens is used to see that the two slots of the PIR can see out past some distance. When the sensor is inactive, then the two slots sense the same amount of IR. The ambient amount radiates from the outdoors, walls or room, etc(Harrelson et al., 2014).
When a human body or any animal passes by, then it intercepts the first slot of the PIR sensor. This causes a positive differential change between the two bisects. When a human body leaves the sensing area, the sensor generates a negative differential change between the two bisects. The infrared sensor itself is housed in a hermetically sealed metal to improve humidity/temperature/noise/immunity. There is a window which is made of typically coated silicon material to protect the sensing element (Harrelson et al., 2014).
This work covers building a security device which is based on PIR sensor with an IC that produces alarm. The PIR sensor detects the IR radiations emitted from the humans and it produces a digital output.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
The motion sensor switch circuit can automatically turn on a light Before beginning the construction contact your nearest electronics component vendor and procure a readymade box-type Passive Infrared (PIR) Motion Sensor unit.
Such units, packed in a compact enclosure with power input and relay output terminals are widely available. In prototype, an unbranded (Made in China) PIR Motion sensor with the following specifications are used.
- Detection Range:10Meter Maximum
- Supply Input:12V DC, <500mA
- Relay Output :Common(C),Normally Closed(N/C),Normally Opened(N/O)
Now install the PIR module hanging from a 3 metre high mast (to cover 10 metre radius area) and connect its supply and relay terminals to our finished and enclosed circuit, observing right polarity. A 4-core screened cable can be used for this interconnection.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
The device (PIR motion detector sensor and alarm security system) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation.This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.
Working on this topic (PIR motion detector sensor and alarm security system) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
