Description
ABSTRACT
This project is titled the design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in homes in the absence of power supply from the national supply authority, PHCN. In order words the device / item serves as a substitute for PHCN which almost monopolises the power supply to people.
It is designed in such a way that it will take up 12v DC from battery and inverts it to an output of 220v, 50Hz AC. It makes no noise during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is generated in the surrounding.
This is a feature that makes it safe to use any where when compared to generator. Also, the circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source) when the power from the supply authority is on. This greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system.
This work is aimed at building a 12v ferrite based inverter of power rating of 2kva that can be used to power appliances both in homes and industries.
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents vii
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the project
1.2 Problem statement
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the project
1.4 Significance of the Project
1.5 Limitation of the project
1.6 Methodology
1.7 Block diagram of the project
1.8 Report Layout
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical Background of the project
2.2 Theory Behind the project topic
2.3 Existing types of the project
2.4 The Innovations in this project
2.5 Summary of the Review
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS METHODS
3.1 Project Materials Documentation
3.2 Significance of Materials Documentation
3.3 Common Mistakes in Documentation of materials
3.4 Documentation of methods
CHAPTER FOUR
DESIGN ANALYSIS AND CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Engineering Design Procedure
4.2 Importance of Documenting Design Procedure
4.3 Documentation of Construction Process
4.4 Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation (BEME)
4.5 A Sample Design and Construction Documentation
CHAPTER FIVE
TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Project Testing
5.2 Result Presentation and Discussion
5.3 A Sample Test Results and Discussion
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Recommendation
6.3 A sample Conclusion and Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Electricity supply is one the economic infrastructural facilities that are indispensable to a nation’s economic development. The efficiency of the supply of electricity will not only influence returns on investment on existing enterprises, it also plays a major role in the creation of an economic environment which influences decisions on potential investment [Barnes, 2012].
The electricity which is the main source of power for our domestic consumption, industrial development, learning centres and medical centre should really be rehabilitated into enhancement of productivity [Barnes, 2012].
However power failure has resulted in people buying generators for their own daily activity. Other businesses are also not functioning due to absence of constant power supply. These are the reasons that necessitate the designing and construction of inverter and other standby system that can deliver maximum output power to the load. As society grows from simple to complex, mankind began to spread all over the earth and so it becomes necessary to enjoy power using inverter [Barnes, 2012].
Statistics have shown that the number of business that have been closed simply because of power problem and cannot be over emphasized, so mankind need inverter seriously in other to restore technology development, businesses, communications, learning centre and medical centres. However, the background of the study lies within the reason why and the construction of inverter should be forwarded and factor that enhance inverter marketability [Du, Ruoyang, 2017].
Inverters are classified either as Iron core inverters or ferrite core (chopper) inverter. This work is focusing of the ferrite based inverter of 12v input and 220vac output.
Ferrite core inverter is a type of power inverter used for power backup, it uses ferrite core transformer to step-up the low voltage AC to high voltage AC at high frequencies derived from a DC source (battery).
Ferrite core transformer inverters are lite weight, high efficiency, low cost and have good portability than traditional bulky iron core transformer based inverter.
Ferrite core based inverter is often marketed as transformerless inverter because of their lite weight it feels like it doesn’t sport a transformer.
The ferrite core transformer can handle a lot of power in a much smaller dimension than iron core transformer because ferrite material has low energy loss at high frequencies.
Ferrite cores has high magnetic permeability, meaning it can hold lot of magnetic field around it, so less magnetic flux loss and because ferrite materials are bad conductor of electricity, at high frequencies very low eddy current is induced on the core.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Iron core inverter was first invented which was later discovered that it has some limitations such as low efficiency, big in size, high in weight, high cost and it greatly produce heat when on load. It was because of these problems discovered in iron core inverter that led to the discovery of ferrite based inverter which overcomes these challenges. Ferrite inverter has high efficiency, small in size, low in weight, low cost and heat generation is also less.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this work is to build a high frequency ferrite core transformer based inverter circuit which can output 2000 watt 220VAC at 50Hz with good efficiency. The objectives are:
- To build this devices with available components
- To learn how a ferrite core inverter functions stage by stage extensively.
- To achieve good efficiency in the inverter.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this work is to achieve high portability and high efficiency in an inverter.
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-
- Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
- Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for building inverter for any purpose. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the builders of inverter.
It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to purchase inverter with good efficiency.
Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for both producers and users of inverter.
1.7 SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
Before carrying out any project, the block diagram must be drawn and fully understood. Block diagram gives a pictorial understanding of any work. The block diagram of ferrite core inverter is as shown in figure 1 below:
Fig.1 Block diagram of ferrite core inverter:
1.9 PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a power inverter. In this chapter, the background, significance, aim/objective problem statement, purpose, application, limitation and problem of a power inverter were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a power inverter. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 CONCLUSION
Ferrites play a major role in how inductors operate based on the materials from which they are made. Iron oxides combined with other elements form the basis of a ferrite, which is used as the magnetic core for a transformer. The performance of the application is often determined by the selection of ferrite materials. Ferrites transformer was used to build this inverter because of the advantages as discussed.
6.2 RECOMMENDATION
The device (ferrite based inverter) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation.This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (ferrite based inverter) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
