Description
ABSTRACT
This project is anchored on the design and construction of Tiles, windows and furniture involves in the conference room their method and pattern of construction, it’s advantages value and as well other valuable tool such as; working tools for the construction o tiles; (cement, white cement, fine aggregate e.t.c); tools for the construction of windows; (nails and screws, drills e.t.c) and also tools for the construction of furniture.
Furthermore, the purpose of tiles, it values, it significance from other floor beauty materials, and also the types of tiles and the purposes of other types as differ.
In addition too, this project covers the construction of different types of windows, even for the differential purpose, the value of different window structures as pertaining to it cost and the shapes as ficatured in the pictures .
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aims and Objectives 2
1.2 Scopes of Study 3
1.3 Review of the study 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Review 4-
2.1 Ceramics, Tiles, And Manufacturing process. 6
2.2 Methods of Manufacturing Ceramic tiles 8-9
2.3 Type Glazed Ceramic tiles 9
2.3.1 Glazed Ceramic tiles 10
2.3.2 Unglazed ceramic tiles 10
2.4 Ceramic floor tile manufactures 10
2.5 Packing grading and sorting of ceramic floor tiles 11
2.6 Pattern formation with tiles 12
2.7 Methods of tiles placement 12
2.8 Precaution that are necessary during tile placement 15
2.9 Materials used for tiling 16
2.10 Tools necessary for ceramic floor tile. 17
2.11 Construction method 18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Introduction to Aluminium Window 21
3.1 Important of window 21
3.2 Different types of material used for window 21
3.3 Glass, Aluminium and Burglary Metal Frame glass 23
3.3.1 Aluminium 24
3.3.2 Metals 26
3.4 Scope of project 27
3.5 Aim and objective 27
3.6 Material used 28
3.7 Properties of Metal 29
3.8 Properties of Aluminium 30
3.9 Properties of Glass 30
3.10 Properties of Rubber 31
3.11 Design and construction of Aluminium window and burglary
Frame for office use. 31
3.12 Finishing 32
3.13 Joint and connection 33
3.14 Safety Precaution 34
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Material used for the Furniture 36
4.1 Tools and equipment 37
4.2 Finishing 40
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion 43
5.1 Recommendation 44
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A tile is a manufactured pieces of hard wearing materials such as ceramic, stone, metal used as a finishing floor and walls or other object such as table top used as ornamentals that add beauty to the surface applied either in buildings, offices and so on. Another category is the ceiling tile, made from light weight materials such as wood and mineral wool.
Tiles are used to form wall and floor coverings and can range from single square tiles to complete mosaic. Tiles are most often from ceramics, with a raft glazed finished, and also same other materials which are available such as glass, marble, granites, slates and reformed ceramic slurry which is cost in a mould and fired.
In the past 20years, the technology surrounding porcelain and glass tiles had become more efficient, allowing for mass production. Similarly the invention automated tile line that used diamond, to cut and finished stone slabs into tiles has made stone tile more available. This is in term as allowed these tiles to move from beings riche items into broader markets.
The ceramic tile demand index has shown a growth of 55% annually for the year 2000-2005 periods. The OSAN world demand for finished granite index has shown a growth of 14% annually for the year 2000-2005 periods. Hence, OS market for ceramic is about 3billion.
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The main aim of the project is to remodelling the conference room using tiles as the floor finishing and with the following objectives.
- To improve the floor surface finishing by laying tile on the floor.
- To carry out investigation on various type of tiles which are available for used.
- To provide the bill of quantities floor tiles construction with estimation of each materials used.
- To know the various methods involved in laying floor tiles.
- Also to know various materials, equipment and tools used in floor tiles construction.
1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY
This project entails the production of bill of quantities and construction of offices floor tiles and the processes of construction of floor tiles finishing.
- To allow for routine maintaining of a floor surface
- To improve the floor surface damp proofness
1.3 REVIEW
Tiles are derived from the French word tuile, which is in turn form the latin word togola, meaning a roof tile composed of backed clay. Clays are hydrated aluminosilicate and are the end product of weathering of feldspathic rock. The most important clay mineral is kalonite which has the composition A3L203-29102-2H20 less precisely, the modern term can refer to any object such as rectangular counters in playing games.
The word ‘CERAMICS’ from the great word ‘KAROMOS’ meaning ‘POTTERY’ pottsclay or a ‘PETTER’. This greek word is related to an old sand skirt root meaning to born that was primarily used to mean burnt stuff.
The technical definition of ceramics encompasses a much greater variety of products than it’s normally realized. To most people the word ceramics means dinnerware, figurines vases and other objects of ceramics art.
However, accompanying the growth in the demand has been some stifts in the word ceramic industry. In 1990, Europe accounted for 54% of the world ceramic title product by 2002, world ceramic tile product in the same period was dropped a little. Asia now has state of the art equipment in its ceramic tile plants, which means much lower cost. European still do well with higher priced ceramic tile with sophisticated and fashionable designs and with propellant (high quality porcelain) tiles.
Beginning in 2004, the stronger Euro made at cheaper to manufacture ceramic tile in the US and distribute them from such as plant. The US is the world’s largest market for ceramictiles, a number of European (most Italian) ceramic tile manufacture built or expanded their US plants and brought out domestic ceramic tile firms. The European tile firms not only benefit from lower manufacturing cost but also from distributing at a lower cost and faster rate. Thus less inventory was required.
Things have been difficult in the dimension stone tile industry. By the beginning of the 1980, automated stone tile plant are busy in Italy since additional innovated many plant with automated stone tiles lines, as does Spain, Turkey, Brazil, and other countries. The three US automated tile that were short tile producers of granted tile from mid 1980, to the mid 1990. Closed one by one. The last one actually closed in mid 2002. Marble tile is still produced to a limited extent but most American marble tiles product plants in carrara, Italy that makes it from rough blocks of vermouth (DANBY) marble. The amount of slate flouring tiles was dwindled a little since 2000.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 CONCLUSION
Floor finishes, windows and as well home or office furniture which are vital finishes, However, it structure that is made with theses materials make the structures are beautiful. As-par, it durability and advantages other home finishes ranges from it value, structure, Ornamental beauty and product from which it was produce.
Tiles are used to form wall and floor covering and can range from single. Square tile to complex mosaics Tile are most often from ceramics, with a hard glazed finish and also some other material which are available such as glass, marble, granites, slate and slurry which is cast in a mould and fired.
Window is an opening in the wall or roof of a building, fitted with other transparent materials in a frame to admit high or air and allow communication to the outside through the frame. It ranges in types and shapes and it purposes are differed. It finishes are prompted from different materials ranging from wood, metal, aluminium and glass.
Furniture are interiors present inside a structure furniture are constructed from a material (timber) which has been widely used across the globe by various materials, design and pattern. Wood furniture are to be constructed along with some factors to be put into consideration, these factors include price, durability, availability and ability to resist change in weather and those above factors can be traced towards the choice of materials to be used for the construction.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
Based on the experience gained during the installation of ceramic floor tiles, it will be of great advantages and development. If engineering body can be set up some research works for the students on various types of tiles for floor finishes, both there production and construction.
This is turn will broaden the student knowledge in various forms of damp proof course and different types of floor finishes which include terrazzo, ceramic tiles, plastic tiles, concrete tiles marbles tiles e.t.c
Based on the experience gained during the installation of Aluminium and glass has proved to be an essential material to be adopted in the construction firm, in area of constructing partition, openings and all other structure with their limitation of load capacity, therefore it can be recommended in the construction of office use an residential purpose and it also conform to human safety.
Finally, relevant text book on design and construction of ceramic tiles and Aluminium glass should be organised to teach students about the project.
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