Description
ABSTRACT
There are different types of adjustable dancing lights (flickering LEDs). Most of them use presets (variable resistors) to adjust the rate of switching. Being a mechanical component, the preset easily wear out with use and also introduces noise in the circuit. The adjustable dancing lights circuit presented here selects different values of resistors to control the frequency of an astable multivibrator using timer IC 555.
The circuit is built around decade counter IC 4017, a quad bilateral switch IC 4066 (to select the desired resistance) and timer 555. The decade counter output selects one of the resistors at the output of IC 4066.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
- LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
- PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- RESEARCH QUESTION
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
- REVIEW OF THE RELATED STUDY
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY
3.1 BASIC OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.3 SYSTEM OPERATION
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.5 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.6 DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED
3.7 POWER SUPPLY UNIT
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 TESTING AND RESULTS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
- TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
- COST ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
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Adjustable Dancing Lights Circuit
The circuit is built around decade counter IC 4017, a quad bilateral switch IC 4066 (to select the desired resistance) and timer 555. The decade counter output selects one of the resistors at the output of IC 4066.
The selected resistor changes the time period of the 555 timer circuit, whose ‘on’ and ‘off’ timings are given by:
- ton = 0.693(R9+Rx)C3
- toff = 0.693RxC3
Circuit for digitally adjustable dancing lights
In the present design, R9 = 1 kilo-ohm, C3 = 47 µF and Rx varies according to the output of IC1 (CD4017), which changes by pressing the switch S2 one by one.
When Rx=R5=5.6 kilo-ohms, ton=0.214969 second, toff=0.182398 second Rx=R6=10 kilo-ohms, ton=0.358281 second, toff=0.325710 second Rx=R7=22 kilo-ohms, ton=0.749133 second, toff =0.716562 second Rx=R8=33 kilo-ohms, ton=1.107414 second, toff=1.074843 second
Optional circuit
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Whenever you momentarily press switch S2, the output of the decade counter advances to select a higher value of resistor Rx in IC 4066, which changes the switching time of the astable multivibrator. LED1 and LED2 indicate switching ‘off’ and ‘on,’ respectively, of the multivibrator.
Construction & testing
Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable case. Fix LEDs and switches on the front panel. Connect the optional circuit (above) if a higher intensity of light is needed.
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