Description
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a novel approach towards effective irrigation system – automated drip irrigation system. The prepared system comprised of an Arduino, moisture sensor, submersible water pump, and relay mechanism. The moisture sensor sense the condition of dryness of soil at two different places on the field feed the signal to Arduino system will take the inputs from both the sensors and based on that it will decide how much water should be supplied. This system will continue to take the inputs from the sensors until there is sufficient amount of moisture in the soil and then it will automatically turn the pump off. This irrigation system will reduce the hardship of farmers, save the time and enhance accuracy and effectiveness in relatively minimalcost. In this system, water pump gets automatically off when system finds enough moisture in the soil. Whenever system switched ON or OFF the pump, a message is sent to the user via GSM module, updating the status of water pump and soil moisture. This system is very useful in Farms, gardens, home etc. This system is completely automated and there is no need for any human intervention.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- PROBLEM STATEMENT
- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER TWO
- OVERVIEW OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM
- TYPES OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM
- IMPORTANCE OF EFFICIENT IRRIGATION
- EXISTING MONITORING AND CONTROL METHODS
- SMS NOTIFICATION IN AGRICULTURE
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
- CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM WORKING
- CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
- SYSTEM PROGRAM CODE
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS ANALYSIS
- RESULTS ANDDISCUSSIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of study
Irrigation is the application of controlled amounts of water to plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is referred to as rain-fed or dry land farming(Snyder et al., 2015).
Irrigation systems are also used for cooling livestock, dust suppression, disposal of sewage, and in mining. Irrigation is often studied together with drainage, which is the removal of surface and sub-surface water from a given area.
Irrigation has been a central feature of agriculture for over 5,000 years and is the product of many cultures. Historically, it was the basis for economies and societies across the globe.
irrigation control system is a device to operate automatic irrigation systems such as lawn sprinklers and drip irrigation systems. Most controllers have a means of setting the frequency of irrigation, the start time, and the duration of watering (Williams et al., 2017). Some controllers have additional features such as multiple programs to allow different watering frequencies for different types of plants, rain delay settings, input terminals for sensors such as rain and freeze sensors, soil moisture sensors, weather data, remote operation, etc (Snyder et al., 2015).
There are two basic types of controllers, electric and hydraulic. Most automatic irrigation valves are diaphragm valves in which the water above the diaphragm must be discharged for the valve to open. In a hydraulic system, the controller and valves are connected via small plastic tubes approximately 4 mm (¼ in) in diameter. The controller opens the tube connected to the valve, allowing that valve to open.
In developing countries the economy is highly based on agriculture but we lack in proper utilization of resources available to us. This is mainly because of the unplanned use of water for irrigation. Although there are many modern irrigation techniques like drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. In this work we are focusing on drip irrigation system (Mokhtar, 2018). In the drip system, water supply is done drop by drop exactly at roots using a hose or pipe. This method can also be used in regions where water availability is less.Hence, there is a need for making an automatic drip irrigation system with sms alert which the main aim of this work.
1.2 Statement of the problem
In the last decade, irrigation is carried out manually by farmers morning or evening according to when the need arise, and this consumes time, involves labour and sometimes farmers forget to carry out the duty. To overcome this problem an automatic irrigation system was designed to automatically apply water to crops thereby reducing labour and time consumption involved in manual irrigation system. In this work, Soil Moisture Sensor checks the moisture level in the soil and if moisture level is low then Arduino switches ON a water pump to provide water to the plant. Water pump gets automatically OFF when system finds enough moisture in the soil. Whenever system switched ON or OFF the pump, a message is sent to the user via GSM module, updating the status of water pump and soil moisture. This system is very useful in Farms, gardens, home etc. This system is completely automated and there is no need for any human intervention.
1.3 Objectives of study
The objectives of the study are:
- To develop Drip Irrigation system
- To develop Drip Irrigation monitoring and controlling system
- Evaluation of the Drip Irrigation monitoring and controlling system
1.4 Scope of study
The scope of this project covers developing drip Irrigation system;the moisture sensor reads the moisture value of the soil by taking its resistance value. Soil Moisture Sensor checks the moisture level in the soil and if moisture level is low then Arduino switches ON a water pump to provide water to the plant, which also alerts the owner the state of the pump through SMS alert. It switches OFF whenever there is sufficient water to the soil. However, this system monitors and controls the drip irrigation system.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURESCOPE
The drip irrigation system with SMS notification is simple and precise way of irrigation. Hence, this system is very useful as it reduces manual work of the farmers and also helps in the proper utilization of resources. It eliminates the manual switching mechanism used by the farmers to ON/OFF the irrigation system. This project can be extended to greenhouses where manual supervision is less. Fully automated gardens and farm lands can be created using this principle in the right manner on large scale.
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
The device (drip irrigation system with SMS notification) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation.This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.
Working on this topic (drip irrigation system with SMS notification) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.
