Description
ABSTRACT
The main objective of the project is to design the building electrical services for a three bedroom flat. Due to the location, the most reliable source of electrical power is the mains national grid power. In order to achieve the main objective and to specify the size and number of back-up generators to be employed, the final circuits consisting of lighting and power sockets is designed first. The lighting design is done using the lumen method which takes into consideration the size and use of the room being lit. Power points layout design is done by considering the needs of the final user of the premises in every room; this ensures that the need for electrical power is fulfilled in the design. This is located at a convenient area and caged within the site compound. To ensure coordinated operation of the Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB), and Moulded Case Circuit Breakers (MCCB) when safeguarding against the effects of overloads and short circuits, discrimination between the devices is observed. This has enabled the system to switch off only the breaker closest to the fault without disruption of supply to other areas. Finally lightning protection is done to safeguard against the effects of a lightning stroke. With this system the flat will have safe, reliable and expandable power supply.
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- AIM OF THE PROJECT
- OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN
- OVERVIEW OF ELECTRICITY
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ELECTRICITY
- DEFINING PARTS OF THE ELECTRICAL PLAN
- DETERMINING APPLICABLE DESIGN PLAN STANDARDS
- CODES AND STANDARDS
- END – USER ACCESSORIES
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 THEORY AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 LIGHTING DESIGN
3.2 BEDROOM DUPLEX LIGHTING DESIGN
3.3 ELECTRICAL POWER CIRCUITS
3.4 ELECTRICAL SERVICE NETWORK
3.5 POWER CIRCUIT DESIGN
3.6 PROTECTION SYSTEMS
3.7 PROTECTION SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
3.8 DISCRIMINATION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM CO-ORDINATION
3.9 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
3.10 SITE LOCATION
3.11 SITE PLAN AND INTRODUCTION
3.12 SAMPLE LUMEN METHOD OF LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR THE DUPLEX
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
- DESIGN ANALYSIS BASED ON LOAD CALCULATIONS AND CIRCUITS ARRANGEMENTS
CHAPTER FIVE
- DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM TOPOLOGY
- CONSUMER UNIT, (CU) DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE WORK
- BILL OF QUANTITIES
- REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
For all building construction projects,the owner or occupant must first have a concept for the new design,and then the architect or designer can produce a set of building plans. These plans convey all the required information to the local inspection authority and associated building trades so that the construction or remodeling can take place. Because commercial and industrial buildings contain a number of electrical systems, these plans include specific electrical designs and additional documentation to verify that the design conforms to all required building codes.
An electrical design goes through several important stages of development.First,the designer must understand the scope of the project. Then, the designer defines and designs each component (such as general office areas, specialized machinery, and power distribution equipment) to recognized industry standards. Finally, these individual components are compiled to form the final presentation for the design.
The main objective of the project is to do a building electrical services design for a three bedroom flat. In order to achieve the main objective, the project work is split into other smaller but related sections and scopes with specific targets to be met. The areas of utmost interest and covered exhaustively and in detail in this project are thus:
- Lighting design
- Power points layout design
- Cables sizing
- Power back-up system
- Protection system design
- Discrimination and co-ordination system
- Power factor correction
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The aim of the project is to design and draft the installation of 3 bedroom flat for lighting and power which is carried out by the student of Federal University Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. At the end of this work, the student shall be able to:
- Identify the steps in the electrical design
- Determine the scope of an electrical design
- Interpret the various components of an electrical plan, including general and specialized loads,lighting systems,and
- Recognize the symbols used in electrical plan design.
- Identify the standard sand regulations that guide the electrical design process.
1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Engineering specialization consists of various fields. One of these fields is the building design and construction which has six different categories: civil, structural, mechanical, electrical, environmental and materials engineering.
This project will focus on the electrical category of building design and construction from the electrical services design engineer’s perspective rather than that of the installation electrician or architect. The main focus is to ensure that the electrical system meets the following criteria:
- Reliability
- Durability
- Maintainability
- Efficiency
- Economy
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The need to have a standard an electrical service design is not only profit to the owner or occupant of the duplex but also helpful to the designer of the building. For the occupant or the owner of the house, it give them safety, while for the designer it makes room for more contract.
Every electrical design has unique requirements, depending on the scope of the project. The project scope is determined by the customers’ requirements and the type of structure that the customer will occupy. For example,if the project requires new electrical systems for an existing building, then the electrical designer works to incorporate all the new electrical wiring into the existing system. The designer must evaluate the existing electrical system to ensure that existing electrical systems can accommodate new additional electrical loads that will be imposed on them. When the design is for a new pro- posed facility, then the scope of the project is much greater. Electrical designs for these types of projects require an entirely new electrical system design.
5.4 CONCLUSIONS
In this project, an attempt has been made to come up with an appropriate lighting scheme and distribution system layout for a proposed flat. Various sizing of cables have also been discussed to supplying power to the entire flat. Overload, short-circuit and lightning protections have also been included in the building electrical services design. A power back-up generator capacity size of 30 kVA has also been settled on for the flat.
These achievements are all in line with the main objectives of the project. Therefore, the laid down objectives at the start of the project were successfully met during the entire project process.
Some challenges arose during the project process and appropriate solutions were considered. A challenge such as load balancing for the flatwas not an easy and smooth task. However, a solution was found by first assigning each of the overall loads of the flatto a single independent supply phase. Topping-up of the three supply phases with the remaining deficit loads of the flatwas done evenly and the end result was a close as possible load balancing.
The other challenge was sizing the generator cable which has a line current of 626.042 Amps. From the IEE tables no cable size exists for such a line current. This was solved as; Current used for sizing the cable = 626.042 313.021Amps 2. Therefore, the solution was to use two cable conductors connected in parallel and sized to accommodate 313.021 Amps each.
As a result of appropriate solutions to the challenges faced and achievement of the project main objectives, the building electrical services design for a 3 bedroom flat project was indeed a success.
5.5 RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE WORK
Software for Building Electrical Services Design
Small computer programs and macros can be written and coded to be able to compute the load calculations, currents drawn by various load circuits and voltage drops across the cable conductors. The programs can further be developed to be able to pick appropriate cables from the IEE tables for cable and conductors databases depending on the calculation results. Hence it will do cable sizing for all the building electrical power systems. Further development of the computer programs to display and give all the building electrical services power systems parameters at strategic points is also necessary and recommended. These programs when integrated leads to development of a comprehensive software for the building electrical services. This will save the manual time and energy in this demanding project work due to its wider scope. This will also enable computational implementation of the project in future
A bill of quantities can be prepared to give an estimate of the financial cost of the building electrical services design for the flat. The bill of quantities will also help in contract administration procedures as part of engineering practice in the real practical world.
