Description
ABSTRACT
Battery voltage level monitor indicates the status of the battery just by glowing LED’s. This work explains how to design battery level indicator. You can use this circuit to check different battery level.
This is Four Battery Indicator circuit. This module has on-board precision voltage detection chip and power regulator chip. And on-board four different battery indicator LED lights representing 20%, 50%, 80% and 100% of the battery level.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWELDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- METHODOLOGY
- PROJECT ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
- CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF BATTERIES
- REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
- REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
- REVIEW OF RELATED WORKS
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
- SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
- SYSTEM CIRCUIT
- CIRCUIT OPERATION
- DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS
CHAPTER FOUR
TEST AND RESULT ANALYSIS
- CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
- CASING AND PACKAGING
- ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSION
- RECOMMENDATION
- REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Knowing the amount of energy left in a battery compared with the energy it had when it was full gives the user an indication of how much longer a battery will continue to perform before it needs recharging.
This would be easy if the battery could be discharged at a constant rate. The charge in a battery is equal to the current multiplied by the time for which it flowed. Unfortunately there are two problems with this. In all practical batteries, the discharge current is not constant but diminishes as the battery becomes discharged, usually in a non-linear way. Any measurement device must therefore be able to integrate current over time. Secondly, this method depends on discharging the battery to know how much charge it contained. In most applications except perhaps in qualification testing, the user (or the system) needs to know how much charge is in the cell without discharging it.
It is not possible either to measure directly the effective charge in a battery by monitoring the actual charge put into it during charging. This is because of the Coulombic efficiency of the battery. Losses in the battery during the charge – discharge cycle mean that the battery will deliver less charge during discharge than was put into it during charging.
The Coulombic efficiency or charge acceptance is a measure of how much usable energy is available during discharging compared with the energy used to charge the cell.
Nowadays, electronic indicators are used which provide or give a continuous reading of the battery condition. This method of course needs indicators to provide the measurement data of the current battery status, memory to store the battery. This work is based on monitoring the status of a batteries of different voltages by varying the settings of the circuit.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The most existed battery level indicators are used to monitor battery with a certain voltage rating, and this makes it difficult to monitor batteries with different voltage ratings. In order to overcome this problem, this device was built to monitor four level battery voltage using varying colors approved of LEDs which can be used to monitor other battery with different voltage level by varying the setting of the circuit.
1.3 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The aim of this work is to build a four level battery indicator using varying colors approved of LEDs. The objectives of this work are:
- To construct a system prototypeof the system.
- To indicate and let the user know the status of battery of a device just by glowing four different LED’s.
- To prolong the lifespan of a battery.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this work covers building a four level battery indicator using varying colors approved of LEDs. The system utilizes IC LM324 comparator, and variable resistors which gives it the ability to adjusted for variable voltage monitoring.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
This work will serve as a means of letting the user of a battery to know the status of battery just by glowing four different LED’s.
As a student of this department, working on this topic will serve as a means of becoming familiar with the use of IC LM324 comparactor.
building this circuit will serve as a means of prolonging the lifespan of rechargeable batteries.
1.6 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
- This device can indicate battery voltage from 1.5v to 12v by varying the variable resistors.
- It indicate voltage level via fourdifferent colourLEDs
1.7 METHODOLOGY
To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:
- Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
- Draw a block diagram.
- Test for continuity of components and devices,
- Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
- Studying of various component used in circuit.
- Construction of the circuit was carried out.
- Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.
1.11 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to a battery level indicator. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of a battery level indicator were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of a battery level indicator. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 CONCLUSION
With this system, you can assess the voltage levelof any battery. It gives LED indications of four differentlevel of voltage in the battery. This device built and tested, at the end the objectives of the study were seen achieved.
5.2 RECOMMENDATION
This project is designed to be used in our homes, offices and industries where batteries are used to power appliances and there is need for monitoring the battery charged level. And should be used and maintain by a qualified personnel.
