Description
ABSTRACT
There is a need to observe restricted zones to abstain from intruding. Presently employing humans for this work is exorbitant and furthermore it is unrealistic for observing a territory 24×7. So, for this reason an ultrasonic sensor for unauthorized human/creatures or object recognition system can be used. This system can observe a zone of restricted area and cautions authorities with a buzzer as an alert. This can be implemented with a microcontroller circuit that is associated with a ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo engine for monitoring of objects. Interfacing a buzzer and LED for observing the location status is very effective for this system. The sensor continues observing the prohibited zones checking the ultrasonic sensor echo. When an object is identified the information of location and where precisely the object was recognized is sent to the authorities. The accurate detection of stationary or moving objects by using only one ultrasonic sensor and one Arduino uno board with suitable algorithms makes this paper unique from referred papers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
- SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
- APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
- PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 SENSOR CLASSIFICATION BASED ON PROPERTY
2.2 REVIEW OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR
2.3 REVIEW OF ULTRASONIC DISTANCE SENSOR WORKINGS
2.4 USES ULTRASONIC SENSORS
2.5 TYPES OF ULTRASONIC SENSORS
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
3.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.3 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.4 SYSTEM WORKING PRINCIPLE
3.5 PROGRAMMING CODE
3.6 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.7 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULT ANALYSIS
4.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
4.2 ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
4.3 CONSRUCTION OF THE CASING
4.4 TESTING
4.5 RESULT ANALYSIS
CHAPTER FIVE
- CONCLUSIONS
- RECOMMENDATION
REFERENCES
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos. Well-researched domains of object detection include face detection and pedestrian detection. Object detection has applications in many areas of computer vision, including image retrieval and video surveillance.
Ultrasonic sensor gives a simple route in distance estimation. Ultrasonic Sensor measure the distance of the items in air through non-contact method.
They measure distance without harm and are very easy to utilize and are reliable. These distance measurement sensors associate with all regular kinds of mechanization and telemetry components. Industries in a wide scope of ventures uses these sensors where size or position input is required. Ultrasonic sensors are very effective in detecting the exact location and angle at which the objects are placed[1]. Ultrasonic sensors can detect the elements of items like stature, width and breadth, utilizing at least one sensor. The echo time reaction of ultrasonic sensor locator depends on schedule of movement after trigger heartbeat to the encompassing items relies upon the reflectance attributes of the article surface. Ultrasonic sensors are broadly utilized for distance estimation purposes.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The need for having a constant home protection has always been there. But in the recent times, considering a dramatic rise in petty crimes like robbery and theft, the need has been more strongly felt to have a fool proof protection of the belongings and the family members. Home security has come a long way in the last few decades. It was in the hands of a guard who manually provided surveillance during nights in the earlier days, but it was not fool proof as it was only normal for him to have momentary lapse of concentration. This device brought solution to this need. It ensures adequate protection against intruders.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
The main aim of the study is to build an object detection system using ultrasonic sensor and arduino.
The objectives of this work are:
- To detect an object that will be ahead of ultrasonic transducer, if the object is permanently or intermittently within the sensor’s maximum range.
- To create a comfort in the minds of house owners when they out from their premises without much fear of intruder.
- To build a circuit that will alert the user when an intruder enters into the home.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
It is used in face detection and face recognition. It is also used in tracking objects, for example tracking a ball during a football match, tracking movement of a cricket bat, tracking a person in a video.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The project is designed to demonstrate detection of any object ahead of the ultrasonic transducer. This ultrasonic detector consists of two parts: an emitter, which produces a 40 kHz sound wave; and a detector, which detects this 40 kHz sound wave and sends the signal back to the microcontroller.
The ultrasonic module is interfaced to the arduino. Whenever any object approaches near the ultrasonic module, the signal transmitted the transmitter is reflected by this object and is received by the module. When the arduino receives the signal from ultrasonic receiver it actuates the output to take the appropriate action.
1.5 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
Face detection
Popular applications include face detection and people counting.
People Counting
Object detection can be also used for people counting, it is used for analyzing store performance or crowd statistics during festivals. These tend to be more difficult as people move out of the frame quickly (also because people are non rigid objects).
Vehicle detection
Similarly when the object is a vehicle such as a bicycle or car, object detection with tracking can prove effective in estimating the speed of the object. The type of ship entering a port can be determined by object detection (depending on shape, size etc). This system for detecting ships is currently in development in some European countries.
Manufacturing Industry
Object detection is also used in industrial processes to identify products. Say you want your machine to only detect circular objects. Hough circle detection transform can be used for detection.
Online images
Apart from these object detection can be used for classifying images found online. Obscene images are usually filtered out using object detection.
Security
In the future we might be able to use object detection to identify anomalies in a scene such as bombs or explosives (by making use of a quadcopter).
1.7 PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION
The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:
Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective application and scope of this study were discussed.
Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.
Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.
Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.
Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
At the end of this work a device that detects an object was designed, if the object is permanently or intermittently within the sensor’s maximum range. The essence of building this device is to help human beings. The object detector is used for detecting objects/obstacles and avoiding the collision.
The object detection is primary requirement of this device. The device gets the information from surrounding area through mounted sensors. Some sensing devices used for this work was ultrasonic sensor etc. Ultrasonic sensor is most suitable for object detection and it is of low cost and has high ranging capability.
There are many applications use ultrasonic sensors like instruction alarm systems, automatic door openers etc. The ultrasonic sensor is very compact and has a very high performance.
